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Popular Abstract in Swedish Typ 2 diabetes är en sjukdom där dels bukspottkörtelns förmåga att producera hormonet insulin och dels kroppens förmåga att svara på insulin (insulinkänslighet) är nedsatt. Eftersom insulin behövs för att ta upp socker (glukos) från blodet i organ som muskel och fett, är glukoskoncentrationen i blodet förhöjd hos typ 2 diabetiker. Med hjälp av olika behandlingar såsom dCardiovascular complications are frequent in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular death is the most common cause of death for these individuals. A region on chromosome 19 (19q13) has been indicated by several genome scans as a susceptibility locus for T2D or components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This gene rich region contains the gene encoding muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1), earlier as

Popular Abstract in Swedish Demens med Lewy bodies - en ny demenssjukdom Vid sidan av de klassiska demensformerna Alzheimers sjukdom, blodkärlsdemens och frontallobsdemens har forskargrupper från flera håll i världen på senare år funnit tecken på en ny demensform som man kallar ”demens med Lewy bodies (DLB)”. Sjukdomen bär drag av både Alzheimers och Parkinsons sjukdom och därför är forskare oeniDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a dementia disorder, clinically characterized by fluctuating cognitive impairment, attention deficits, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism and other neuropsychiatric features. Sensitivity to neuroleptic medication is a common finding. In the present study 24% of 200 autopsied cases, within the Lund longitudinal prospective dementia study fulfilled the clinical di

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hjärtsvikt är ett sjukdomstillstånd som blir allt vanligare i vårt samhälle i takt med att människor blir äldre och att man idag räddar allt fler människor till livet efter hjärtinfarkt. Som namnet antyder sviktar hjärtat, det kan inte pumpa ut den mängd blod som krävs för att tillgodose kroppens behov av syre och näringsämnen. Sjukdomen indelas i olika svårighetsgraderCongestive heart failure is accompanied with increased circulatory levels of several vasoregulatory neurotransmitters and hormones which affect the outcome of this disease. In this thesis the blood levels of several vasoactive peptides in humans with congestive heart failure and their effects on the vasculature by the use of an animal model of heart failure were studied. Patients with congestive

Popular Abstract in Swedish Könshormon påverkar tarmrörelser Många av kroppens funktioner styrs av hormoner. Att hormoner som vi i första hand förknippar med fortplantning också skulle kunna spela en avgörande roll för tarmfunktion är dock en relativt ny upptäckt. Få saker är så viktigt för en människas välbefinnande som en välfungerande magtarmkanal. De flesta av oss tänker inte på att frukostfrThis thesis explores the relation between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gastrointestinal symptoms and dysmotility. In primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), a patient group with high levels of GnRH antibodies, associations between objective signs and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction (AD), impaired gastric emptying (IGE), and inflammatory and serological features were studied. Forty-three

Popular Abstract in Swedish Partiklar som finns i luften och som vi andas in kan leda till negativa hälsoeffekter bland oss människor. I varje andetag andas vi in tusentals partiklar som tar sig ner i våra luftvägar. Det är normalt. Våra kroppar har försvarsmekanismer som tar hand om och oskadliggör partiklar som vi andas in och som fastnar i våra andningsvägar. Vid för höga halter av partiklar i BACKGROUND: Exposure to airborne particles in occupational environments can lead to both acute and long-term health effects in humans. To date, particle exposure limits in the air are typically given in terms of mass concentrations. But by only using mass concentration to characterize particles means there is a risk that other relevant characteristics, such as particle size and composition are con

The #FridaysForFuture climate protests mobilized more than 1.6 million people around the globe in March 2019. Through a school strike, a new generation has been galvanized, representing a historical turn in climate activism. This wave of climate protest mobilization is unique in its tactics, global scope and appeal to teenage school students. Media coverage of these protests and high-level nationa

Aquaporins play a crucial role in water homeostasis in the human body, and recently the physiological importance of aquaporins as glycerol channels have been demonstrated. The aquaglyceroporins (AQP3, AQP7, AQP9 and AQP10) represent key glycerol channels, enabling glycerol flux across the membranes of cells. Adipocytes are the major source of glycerol and during lipolysis, glycerol is released to

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causal agent of tonsillar cancer (TC) and HPV+ TC has a favorable prognosis compared to HPV– disease. In this study, we examined aspects of the tumor microenvironment of TC, focusing on T‐cells, dendritic cells (DC), and macrophages. Fresh biopsies of TC and the contralateral healthy tonsil (HT) were obtained from 20 patients, analyzed by multiparameter flow

The plasma proteins alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1-m) and bikunin are synthesized in the liver as a common precursor which is cleaved just before secretion. Half of plasma alpha1-m is covalently linked to fibronectin and alpha1-inhibitor-3, and more than 95% of bikunin is part of pre-alpha-inhibitor, inter-alpha-inhibitor and related large molecules. Both alpha1-m and bikunin have been shown to be i

Protein G is a streptococcal cell wall protein with separate binding sites for IgG and human serum albumin (HSA). In the present work it was demonstrated that alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and kininogen, two proteinase inhibitors of human plasma, bound to protein G, whereas 23 other human proteins showed no affinity. alpha 2M was found to interact with the IgG-binding domains of protein G, and

Innate immunity relies on an effective recognition of the pathogenic microorganism as well as on endogenous danger signals. While bacteria in concert with their secreted virulence factors can cause a number of inflammatory reactions, danger signals released at the site of infection may in addition determine the amplitude of such responses and influence the outcome of the disease. Here, we report t

Dysregulation of cytokines in the bone marrow microenvironment promotes acute myeloid leukemia cell growth. Due to the complexity and low throughput of in vivo stem-cell based assays, studying the role of cytokines in the bone marrow niche in a screening setting is challenging. Herein, we developed an ex vivo cytokine screen using 11 arrayed molecular barcodes, allowing for a competitive in vivo r

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that integrate signals from their environment allowing them to direct situation-adapted immunity. Thereby they harbor great potential for being targeted in vaccination, autoimmunity, and cancer. Here, we use fate mapping, functional analyses, and comparative cross-species transcriptomics to show that RORγt+ DCs are a co

Purpose: Recessive cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) deficiencies are severe multiorgan diseases, with limited treatment options. By loading transfer RNAs (tRNAs) with their cognate amino acids, ARS are essential for protein translation. However, it remains unknown why ARS deficiencies lead to specific symptoms, especially early life and during infections. We set out to increase pathophysi

Background: Dysregulated complement activation, increased protein citrullination, and production of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins are hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullination is induced by immune cell-derived peptidyl-Arg deiminases (PADs), which are overactivated in the inflamed synovium. We characterized the effect of PAD2- and PAD4-induced citrullination on the abi

Disadvantaged areas may prompt or force older people to relocate due to a lack of services, the presence of crime, and area unattractiveness, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. The aim was to investigate whether older adults living in different types of disadvantaged areas in Sweden were considering moving away from the area, and to explore similarities and differences in underlying resid

INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) effectively colonizes the human nasopharynx, but can migrate to other host sites, causing infections such as pneumonia and sepsis. Previous studies indicate that pneumococci grown as biofilms have phenotypes of bacteria associated with colonization whereas bacteria released from biofilms in response to changes in the local environment (i.e