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The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with povert
Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetes kännetecknas av konstant förhöjt blodsocker. Sjukdomen ökar lavinartat, och har beskrivits som en av det moderna samhällets stora epidemier. Diabetes förekommer i två huvudsakliga former, typ 1 och typ 2. I typ 1-diabetes, som framför allt drabbar barn och ungdomar, har de insulinproducerande beta-cellerna förstörts av kroppens immunförsvar. Patienter med typ 1Defective insulin secretion is a central feature in diabetes mellitus and results from reduced pancreatic beta-cell mass as well as aberrant beta-cell function. The pathophysiology of diabetes is incompletely known, but a strong hereditary component is suggested. This thesis investigates the genetic and cellular basis for impaired insulin release by employing a number of cell-physiological and bio
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion associated with immune deposits consisting of galactose-deficient polymeric IgA1 and C3. We have previously shown that IgA-binding regions of streptococcal M proteins colocalize with IgA in mesangial immune deposits in patients with IgAN. In the present study, the IgA-binding M4 protein from
Controlled vocabularies (CVs), i.e. a collection of predefined terms describing a modeling domain, used for the semantic annotation of data, and ontologies are used in structured data formats and databases to avoid inconsistencies in annotation, to have a unique (and preferably short) accession number and to give researchers and computer algorithms the possibility for more expressive semantic anno
Popular Abstract in Swedish Små, trådlösa och portabla apparater utgör idag en stor del av vår uppkopplade värld. Under det senaste decenniet har dock flera teknologiska framsteg lett mot en utveckling där allt från maskiner till kläder kommunicerar med varandra. Detta brukar kallas för "sakernas internet" och uppskattas involvera 50 miljarder enheter år 2020. Genom att förse dessa enheter med småThe modern small devices of today require cheap low power radio frequency (RF) transceivers that can provide reliable connectivity at all times. In an RF transceiver, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is one of the most important parts and it is also one of the main power consumers. There are several architectures for implementing an ADC, but in the last decade, continuous-time Delta-Sigma mod
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, affecting 1% of the general population, and is characterized by a predisposition for the generation of epileptic seizures. Despite having several different aetiologies, a common underlying cause of epilepsy seems to be an acquired imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the brain, which leads to hyperexcitability
Background Combined oral contraceptives are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a cause of cervical cancer. As the incidence of cervical cancer increases with age, the public-health implications of this association depend largely on the persistence of effects long after use of oral contraceptives has ceased. Information from 24 studies worldwide is pooled here to inves
Immunization strategies against commensal bacterial pathogens have long focused on eradicating asymptomatic carriage as well as disease, resulting in changes in the colonizing microflora with unknown future consequences. Additionally, current vaccines are not easily adaptable to sequence diversity and immune evasion. Here, we present a "smart" vaccine that leverages our current understanding of di
Context: The first therapeutic cancer vaccine demonstrating effectiveness in a phase 3 study was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration on 29 April 2010. The pivotal trial demonstrated overall survival (OS) benefit in patients treated with antigen-loaded leukapheresis cells compared with a control infusion. Results of other prostate cancer (PCa) vaccination strategies are awaited, as this
Against the backdrop of the accelerated advancement of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the global economy is moving towards a development model driven by innovation as its core. Enterprises, as important carriers of technological progress and institutional innovation, are facing increasingly fierce market competition and transformational pressures. In this pr
Beviskravet skälig misstanke spelar en viktig roll vid användandet av preventiva tvångsmedel. Det möjliggör att brottslighet kan upptäckas i ett tidigt stadie och därmed motverka ackumulerad kriminalitet. Trots att rekvisitet är oumbärligt för främst kroppsvisitationens förverkligande är begreppet tämligen odefinierat. Skälig misstanke saknar i dagsläget en legaldefinition, där närmare vägledning The evidentiary threshold of reasonable suspicion plays an important role in the use of preventive coercive measures. It enables criminal activity to be detected at an early stage and thereby counteracts criminality. Although this requirement is indispensable for the implementation of body searches, the concept remains undefined. In contemporary law, reasonable suspicion lacks a legal definition,
Betong är ett av byggsektorns mest använda material, men cementproduktionen står för stora koldioxidutsläpp. Ett sätt att minska klimatpåverkan är att reducera andelen cementklinker genom att använda alternativa bindemedel. Vulkanisk puzzolan från Island, VPI är ett tillsatsmaterial från Heidelberg Materials Cement Sweden som kan användas tillsammans med cement som bindemedel i betong. TillsatsmatConcrete is one of the most widely used materials in the construction sector, but cement production is associated with a significant climate impact. One way to reduce this impact is to decrease the proportion of cement clinker by using alternative binders. Volcanic pozzolan from Iceland, VPI, is a supplementary material supplied by Heidelberg Materials Cement Sweden that can be used together with
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Jordens klimat står under ständiga variationer och förändringar, och det är inte alltid lätt att sära på orsak och verkan bland den mängd av faktorer som styr klimatet. För att kunna reda ut ursprunget till de förändringar som sker, måste de bakomliggande processerna vara väl kända. Sedan är det möjligt att genom matematiska modeller uppskatta de individuella prSeveral studies have analysed the relationship between Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and radiative surface temperature. A main goal for most studies have been to find the best method for carrying out land cover classifications and to study land cover changes, based on a combination between the two parameters. Since atmospheric components have a significant influence on both paramet
Popular Abstract in Swedish Autism och autismspektrumstörningar är ett kliniskt och beteendemässigt definierat samt biologiskt orsakat syndrom innebärande nedsatt förmåga till social ömsesidighet, verbal och ickeverbal kommunikation samt med kännetecknen både begränsade och repetitiva beteenden, intressen och rutiner. Bakom de synliga beteendena ligger nedsättningar i förmågan till mentalisering, The aims of this thesis were: to review studies of treatment evaluation from the years 1992-2002; to evaluate the Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children, TEACCH, treatment model for adults and children with autism; to develop and evaluate a screening instrument for early detection of autism and other developmental deficits, SEEK. The instruments used we
Den 1 november 2008 genomfördes reformen ”En modernare rättegång” (EMR) i de allmänna domstolarna i Sverige. Ett led i moderniseringen var att de förhör som äger rum vid en bevisupptagning i tingsrätten dokumenteras med en ljud- och bildupptagning. Inspelningen skall sedan, vid ett överklagande, om det behövs för utredningen, spelas upp vid bevisupptagningen i hovrätten. En videouppspelning ska vaOn November 1st 2008, the reform "A more modern trial" came into force in the Swedish court system. One aspect of the modernization is that documentation is to be made of testimonies conducted at the Swedish District Courts, with an audio and visual recording. The recording can then, at an appeal, if necessary for the investigation, be played at the court of appeal, instead of having a f
Sammanfattning Uppsatsens titel: Managern och den lärande organisationen – managementrapport av Team Nordea 2003 Seminariedatum: 2004-01-14 Ämne/kurs: Management, 20 poäng Författare: Anders Isaksson, Johan Kropp, Jim Olsson och Louise Torehall Handledare: Håkan Lagerquist Företag: Nordea Fem nyckelord: lärande organisation, managementsyn, projektarbete, strategi, utveckling Syfte: Syftet med denn
Kaliningrad transit: Why to facilitate? As well as the title, this study is divided into two parts: the first one is about Kaliningrad transit assessed against the wide historic and socio-economic background, and the second one presents reasoning of general international law, as well as of international human rights law in favour of Kaliningrad transit facilitation. Here the Kaliningrad transit st
