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Objective: To study prescription patterns of biological treatment in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) patients in southern Sweden, a region with no formal or economic restrictions for the use of biological treatment in rheumatological diseases. Specifically, we studied conformity with the national Swedish guidelines for biologics in RA. Methods: Rheumatologists in southern Sweden contribute to a volunta
Background: Observational studies implicate higher dietary energy density (DED) as a potential risk factor for weight gain and obesity. It has been hypothesized that DED may also be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but limited evidence exists. Therefore, we investigated the association between DED and risk of T2D in a large prospective study with heterogeneity of dietary intake. Meth
Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract contribute to exacerbations and disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is also an increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in COPD. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood but include impaired mucociliary clearance and structural remodeling of the airways. In addition, antimicrobial proteins that ar
ObjectiveTo study the predictive value of biphasic ST-events for interventions for suspected fetal distress and adverse neonatal outcome, when using ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) for intrapartum fetal monitoring. DesignProspective cohort study. SettingThree academic hospitals in Sweden. PopulationWomen in labor with a high-risk singleton fetus in cephalic position beyond 36week
Alcohol is a risk factor for several types of cancer. However, the results for prostate cancer have been inconsistent, with most studies showing no association. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, detailed information were collected from 142,607 male participants on the intake of alcoholic beverages at recruitment (for 100% of the cohort) and over lifetime (for
In this thesis I investigate the potential trade effects associated with three antidumping cases filed by the U.S. steel industry during the first decade of the 21st century. The analysis consists of a detailed case study, covering everything from the establishment of dumping margins to the final effects. The empirical results are consistent with expected effects, i.e. decreasing imports from targ
My thesis consists of three main parts. The first part, Chapter 2, describes the legal framework regulating free movement of goods, with the focus on quantitative restrictions in the EC. The starting point of this chapter is the current approach to harmonization in completing the internal market. This section considers the limits of economic integration prior to 1986 and the important steps taken
Human induced climate change i.e. global warming caused largely by greenhouse gas emission will change the ecological balance of our planet and lead to dramatic societal problems. Working Group 1 Contribution to the Forth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, 2007, p. 1-18 In the Arctic region, such changes are already occurring. The Inuit, an indigenous g
Kenya as a country is known for its ethnic diversity and boasts of over 42 ethnic/tribes communities that for many years have lived together in harmony and respect for each other. In the face of this harmonious cohesion between the different communities, there have been sporadic threats on issues of resource distribution and political differences that have cultivated ethnic/tribal hatred and fight
This thesis provides a systematic analysis of Regulations for the Administration of the Recovery and disposal of Waste Electrical and Electronic products (RAW, often referred to as “China WEEE Directive”) that came into force in China on 1 January 2011 and finds out how well RAW and its (likely) implementation will address the weaknesses and concerns raised from past policies and practices for man
Vi människor och vårt samhälle påverkas mycket av klimatet vi lever i och av de naturliga klimat- och miljövariationer som sker på jorden. Det kan vara kortvariga katastrofartade händelser som tsunamis och jordbävningar men också långsammare och långvariga klimatförändringar som påverkar vårt sätt att leva och bruka jorden. Genom geologiska studier av jordens historia vet vi att klimatet har varieNightingale Island is situated at 37°S in the central part of the South Atlantic Ocean, which is a sensitive location for variations within the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies (SHW) wind belt. A peat sequence from the wetland 2nd Pond has been investigated with emphasis on the composition of the deposits, loss on ignition (LOI), total Carbo
En utgrävning gjordes nyligen i övergången mellan kambrium och ordovicium i alunskifferformationen utanför Södra Sandby i Skåne. Under sökandet efter konodonter i en kalkstensbädd från understa ordovicium upptäcktes mikroskopiska sfäruler 0,1-0,5 mm i diameter. Har dessa ett biologiskt ursprung eller har de bildats genom någon rent kemisk/geologisk process? Då det finns stora likheter med rapporteMicroscopic spherules, 0.1-0.5 mm in diameter, from the lowermost Ordovician Rhabdinopora flabelliforme parabola graptolite Zone of the Alum Shale Formation in Södra Sandby, Scania, southern Sweden, have been investigated. The specimens have been studied by light and scanning electron microscopy in order to assess their affin-ity, taphonomic history, and possible relation to metazoan embryos. Diff
Interimistiska säkerhetsåtgärder är en viktig komponent i internationella skiljeförfaranden. Emellertid är institutet förenat med en rad oklarheter. Ett sådant element är de regelverk som reglerar beviljandet av interimistiska säkerhetsåtgärder meddelade av skiljemän. Vilka förutsättningar som ska vara uppfyllda för att en skiljenämnd ska bevilja säkerhetsåtgärder är inte fastställt, och olika tilThe institute of interim measures is an integral component in international commercial arbitration. However, there are uncertainties in terms of the procedural aspects of these measures. One pertinent issue is the legal frameworks that govern the granting of arbitral interim measures. The matter of what substantive standards and requirements to apply on requests for interim measures is unresolved,
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Naturkatastrofer är något som Sverige är relativt förskonat från. Massrörelser, alltså markrörelser i jordtäcke eller berg såsom lerskred, slamströmmar och bergras, är däremot relativt vanligt förekommande runt om i landet. Det är dessutom så att frekvensen av den här typen av fenomen förväntas öka i Sverige till följd av framtida klimatförändringar. De områdenRecent studies indicate a widespread but largely overlooked hazard of contaminant mobilisation and transport in connection to mass movement activity into surface water systems in Sweden. Concerns are exacerbated by predicted effects of climate change, which suggest national increases in rates of precipitation, pore water pressures, run -off, erosion and mass movement occurrence. In this study, the
