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Biocatalytic systems using enzymes in organic solvents open up the possibility of performing a whole range of reactions which would not normally occur under physiological conditions. The ability to perform reverse hydrolysis, or to convert substances relatively insoluble in aqueous environments on a scale of practical value in commercial applications are among those reactions for which water-poor

The risk of contralateral slipping in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) has been estimated to be 40-80% in follow-up examinations. Before age 50 years. 25% of the contralateral hips with untreated slipping showed arthrosis, some severe. In the same long-term follow-up, no hip with mild or moderate slipping treated with pinning in situ had developed severe arthrosis at that age, indicating t

Two groups of normal subjects were submitted to repeated automated static threshold perimetry. Perimetric results were strongly affected by the level of experience in some subjects; in the majority, however, the effect of experience was small. Initial field tests often showed high numbers of depressed points. Sensitivity increased with perimetric training, particularly between the first sessions.

We document the role of entrepreneurial founder and venture capital (VC) partner co-ethnicity in shaping investment relationships. Co-ethnicity increases the likelihood that a VC firm invests in a company. Conditional on investment, co-ethnicity strengthens the degree of involvement by raising the likelihood of VC board of director involvement and increasing the size and scope of investment. These

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the conditions for co-creation in a non-commercial context. The particular aim is to show how a co-creative activity is framed for the participants and the consequences of the frames for the values that are co-created in the process. Design/methodology/approach – Goffman’s frame analysis is applied to investigate how co-creation is used as a marketing strategy

The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS), also referred to as stem cell leukemia/lymphoma, is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder that rapidly progresses into acute leukemia. Molecularly, EMS is characterized by fusion of various partner genes to the FGFR1 gene, resulting in constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinases in FGFR1. To date, no previous study has addressed the functional conseq

Human fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells that express a variety of markers related to leukocytes, hematopoietic stem cells and a diverse set of fibroblast phenotypes. Fibrocytes can be recruited from the circulation to the tissue where they further can differentiate and proliferate into various mesenchymal cell types depending on the tissue niche. This local tissue nic

Though there is a very large literature examining whether energy use Granger causes economic output or vice versa, it is fairly inconclusive. Almost all existing studies use relatively short time series, or panels with a relatively small time dimension. We apply Granger causality and cointegration techniques to a Swedish time series dataset spanning 150 years to test whether increases in energy us

Recent discussions of method in historical Jesus research have called into question the use of criteria for evaluating the authenticity of Gospel material. The present article lays out the reasons why a number of scholars call for an abandonment of the so-called criteria approach and then criticizes the allegation that this approach is genetically and logically dependent on form criticism. By anal

This review provides an update on the importance of the peripheral 'small' airways in asthma. As the small airways account for less than 10% of total airway resistance, thus having little impact on standard lung function measures such as forced expiratory volume and peak flow, they have been referred to as the 'silent zone'.

The equations of motion for a multibody system are derived from a continuum mechanical point of view. This will allow for the presence of rigid, as well as deformable, parts in the multibody system. The approach, using the principle of virtual power, leads to the classical Lagrange equations of motion. The generalized forces appearing in the equations are given as expressions involving contact, in

According to the Substituted Judgment Standard a surrogate decision maker ought to make the decision that the incompetent patient would have made, had he or she been competent. This standard has received a fair amount of criticism, but the objections raised are often wide of the mark. In this article we discuss three objections based on empirical research, and explain why these do not give us reas

Although mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction cascades are known regulators of various aspects of plant biology, our knowledge of these systems has been largely restricted to a small subset of the MAPKs. However, global analyses are now revealing that many more of these kinases are probably engaged in modulating developmental and fitness adaptation processes in the plant kin