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Objective: To investigate the ability of statins to activate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in primary human monocytes in culture. Materials and methods: Human peripheral monocytes were incubated with atorvastatin (0.1-10 μmol/1) for up to 24 hours. PPAR-γ expression was analysed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Pro-inflammatory cytokines wer
Classical dendritic cells (cDC) can be classified into two major subsets: Irf8-dependent cDC1 and Irf4-expressing cDC2. Although these subsets play distinct roles in intestinal immune homeostasis, their functions in T cell-driven colitis remain unknown. To assess the role of IRF4 expression in cDC2 in T cell-driven colitis, CD11c-Cre.Irf4fl/fl and Irf4fl/fl mice were backcrossed onto a Rag-1-/- ba
Precise regulation of dNTPs within the cellular nucleotide pool is essential for high accuracy of DNA replication and is critical for retaining the genomic integrity. Recently, human dCTPase (deoxycytidine triphosphatase), also known as DCTPP1 (human all-alpha dCTP pyrophosphatase 1) has been revealed to be a key player in the balance of pyrimidine nucleotide concentrations within cells, with DCTP
In this introduction, we explain how the chapters in this volume give support to the idea that different accounts of active cognition in the history of philosophy directly or indirectly respond to Aristotle’s account of cognition in his De anima.
Two successful samples of land treatment systems are introduced in the paper. A rapid infiltration system of the area 11.3 hectares with treatment capacity of 10,000 m3/day was constructed in Pingdu city of Shandong province. The removal of COD reached 87.5% while 89.4 for suspended solids and 64.4 % for NH3-N. In fact, the treated water already achieved the criteria of the secondary treatment eve
This paper describes a structural reliability analysis utilizing monitoring data in the ultimate limit state with consideration of the uncertainties of the monitoring procedure. For this purpose the uncertainties of the monitoring data are modeled utilizing a new framework for the determination of measurement uncertainties. The approach is based on a process equation and statistical models of obse
Intermediate mass stars develop a degenerate core constituted of O, Ne and Mg during their evolution. As the density in the core increases electron capture sets in igniting Ne and O burning. Particularly important is electron capture on 20Ne that has been found recently to be dominated by a second forbidden transition from the 0+ ground state of 20Ne to the 2+ ground state of 20F. We have performe
This pictorial presentation of childhood aims to provide a visual depiction of the social value of the children in rural Punjabi socio-cultural context. I took these photographs in a village in south Punjab, Pakistan while doing an ethnographic inquiry about infant healthcare belief practices and the social value of the child in rural Punjab.
Cell reprogramming concepts have been classically developed in the fields of developmental and stem cell biology and are currently being explored for regenerative medicine, given its potential to generate desired cell types for replacement therapy. Cell fate can be experimentally reversed or modified by enforced expression of lineage specific transcription factors leading to pluripotency or attain
Hannah Persson’s essay looks at the early reception in England of Denmark’s most famous writer Hans Christian Andersen, showing how Andersen was (mis)represented in England as a result of the particular inflection given to his work by his translator, Mary Howitt. Examining Howitt’s praxis as a translator, Persson concludes that her (mis)understanding of Andersen’s tales as primarily intended for c
Allergic diseases affect many individuals world-wide and are dependent on the interaction between allergens and antibodies of the IgE isotype. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) can alter the development of the disease, e.g., through induction of allergen-specific IgG that block allergen-IgE interactions. The knowledge of epitopes recognized by allergy-causing and protective antibodies are limi
CHANGES resulting in altered antigenic properties of viruses nearly always occur on their surface and have been attributed to the substitution of residues directly involved in binding antibody. To investigate the mechanism of antigenic variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), variants that escape neutralization by a monoclonal antibody have been compared crystallographically and serologic
