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Uppsatsen behandlar proportionalitet och straffteori utifrån ett amerikanskt respektive ett svenskt perspektiv. Uppsatsen utgår från en indelning som typiskt görs för att indela straffrättssystemet och avhandlar amerikansk respektive svensk straffteori utifrån ett lagstiftnings- och ett domstolsperspektiv. Det bör understrykas att uppsatsen inte är någon komparation mellan rättsystemen, utan snara

Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är att redogöra för den svenska rättens överensstämmelse med EU-rätten avseende sjukfrånvarande arbetstagares rätt till årlig betald semester. En av arbetstagarnas grundläggande sociala rättigheter är nämligen rätten till årlig betald semester som slås fast i rättsakter som härrör från FN, ILO, Europarådet och EU. Rätten till årlig betald semester utgör äv

Integrationsklausuler härstammar ursprungligen från den angloamerikanska rätten, men återfinns även i svenska kommersiella avtal, främst i avtal om företagsöverlåtelser. Integrationsklausulen syftar till att avtalet ska utgöra en fullständig reglering av parternas mellanhavanden. Den avser därmed att utesluta bevis om utfästelser och åtaganden som föregått avtalslutet och som saknar grund i det sk

Målet med den här kandidatuppsatsen är att undersöka den svenska re-gleringen om laglotten. Laglotten reglers i 7 kap. 1 § ärvdabalken och ger den avlidna personens bröstarvingar rätt till hälften av kvarlåtenskapen. För att uppfylla målet med den här uppsatsen har jag arbetat efter tre frågeställ-ningar och studerat syftet med laglotten. Arvsrätten har reglerats i svensk lag under många hundra å

Upphandlingsreglerna i Sverige vilar på en komplicerad normbakgrund bestående av Lissabonfördraget, EU:s upphandlingsdirektiv och LOU. Livsmedelsupphandlingar har i upphandlingsutredningen (SOU 2011:71) identifierats som ett särskilt problemområde och det råder en stor osäkerhet om vilka krav som är tillåtna att ställa. En stor andel livsmedelsupphandlingar har blivit överprövade och många livsme

Jag skrev om en föreslagen ändring i Brottsbalken (BrB)som syftar till att komplettera kriminaliseringen av "våldtäkt" och "sexuellt tvång" med en paragraf som riktar sig mot "sexuellt övergrepp". Den nya paragrafen ska innebära att en person som företar en sexuell handling mot en annan person mot dennas vilja ska straffas oavsett övriga omständigheter. Jag ville dis

The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate healthcare utilisation patterns and to explore the effects of a case management intervention for frail older people on healthcare utilisation and costs in relation to utility. A further aim was to explore the older people’s and case managers’ experiences of the intervention. Study I was a quantitative study comprising ten age cohorts aged between 6

Normal tissue is tightly controlled to keep a balance between reproduction and elimination of cells. In cancer, these regulated processes are disrupted, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth. Regulation of RNA stability and turnover is important to maintain cellular homeostasis and can be controlled by various mechanisms. During stress, the cell can form cytoplasmic complexes of proteins and RNAs,

In order to reduce comsumption of inhalational anaesthetsics during high flow anaesthesia a system open in regard to oxygen, nitogen and nitrous oxide, but closed to inhalational anaesthetics, was developed. This was achieved by a reflecting filter for inhalational anaesthetics made of active carbon. The principle has been developed into the commersially available Anesthetic Conserving Device (ACD

Every day we encounter many potentially harmful microbes in our environment. The epithelial linings constitute an anatomical barrier protecting us and they also produce antimicrobial polypeptides (AMPs) that act as a chemical barrier. These AMPs are small and positively charged, killing a broad range of microbes rapidly. They can either be constitutively produced or rapidly induced when epithelial

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Only about 6% of patients are alive 5 years after diagnosis. One reason for this low survival rate is that most patients are diagnosed at a late stage, when the tumor has spread to surrounding tissues or distant organs. Less than 20% of cases are diagnosed at an early stage that allows them to undergo potentially cu

Hereditary breast cancer constitutes a considerable fraction of the total number of breast cancer cases occurring each year. Up until recently very few breast cancer predisposing genes were known, but many new common polymorphisms contributing to increased cancer susceptibility are continuously being identified. This thesis has focused on familial breast cancer and identifying as well as investi

The aim of this dissertation is to show some cryptanalytical results on a selection of stream ciphers. We have grouped theory and results into three main parts. The first part focuses on the FCSR-based constructions X-FCSR and F-FCSR-H v3. For the X-FCSR family of stream ciphers we perform a severe state recovery attack. This attack works for both X-FCSR-128 and X-FCSR-256. We then develop a gen

The transition from normal into malignant cells with acquired uncontrolled growth is a process where cancer cells viciously develop adaptive strategies to overcome microenvironmental and metabolic stress. Hypoxia, or deficient oxygen supply, is a common feature of the expanding tumor which alters cell metabolism and consecutively causes lowered intracellular pH. To alleviate hypoxic and acidotic s

After transient global cerebral ischemia, selected populations of neurons in the brain will die after a period of 2-3 days, a phenomenon termed delayed neuronal death. This is of clinical importance as delayed neuronal death has been found to occur in humans as well. The mechanism that kills a neuron 2-3 days after the initial insult is unclear, but transcriptional steps have been implicated. The

The sensory neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are present in human cerebral, meningeal and temporal arteries, as are peptides associated with the sympathetic (neuropeptide Y, NPY) and parasympathetic (vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP) nervous system. NPY is a vasoconstrictor in cerebral and meningeal arteries and potentiates noradrenaline (NA) as a vasocon

In this study we demonstrated the production of SLPI (Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor) in serous glands in the nasal mucosa. We have shown that the pattern of the expression of mRNA corresponds to the encoded protein. The encoded protein was detected by immunohistochemical methods and mRNA was discovered by in situ hybridisation. Nasal mucosa from 11 test subjects without atopic disposition