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In the present thesis, analytical sample pre-treatment methods for the determination of trace metal ions in complex matrices were developed and tested. These methods were based on membrane fractionation, clean-up and enrichment of analytes and applied to the determination of aluminium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel and lead in biological and environmental samples. In one application d

The topic dealt with in this thesis is whether, as Wieder and Kaplan (1969) suggest, the personality of drug addicts is related to their particular drug of choice. The subjects were 128 heavy drug addicts, 37 women and 91 men, each of them selected for the fact of there being one basic drug he/she abused. The drug of choice was either heroin (30 women, 52 men), amphetamine (7 women, 32 men) or can

In this paper I consider whether eudamonism—i.e. the thesis that the ultimate aim of human life and conduct is the attainment of happiness and that the achievement of this goal is closely linked to the acquisition and exercise of moral virtue and tranquillity of the soul—could serve as a framework for a theory of rights. I argue that the eudaimonist’s chances to ground a theory of rights from with

The purpose of this study is to develop a frame of reference within which formal control system performance measures can be described and their design and use can be analyzed for control systems in municipalities. From a cybernetic control approach measures are used as instruments to plan and gain feedback from employee actions, and adjust them to the internal and external environment of which the

We reply to Christoph Jager's criticism of the conditional probability solution (CPS) to the value problem for reliabilism due to Goldman and Olsson (2009). We argue that while Jager raises some legitimate concerns about the compatibility of CPS with externalist epistemology, his objections do not in the end reduce the plausibility of that solution.

A low volume and long optical path spectroelectrochemical cell was constructed and tested in a number of applications such as detection of direct electron transfer (DET) between redox enzymes and gold electrodes, determination of the formal potentials of redox centres in proteins and enzymes, as well as mechanistic studies of heterogeneous and intermolecular electron transfer of copper oxidases an

A semi-automatic task oriented system structure has been developed and tested on an arc welding application. In normal industrial robot programming, the path is created and the process is based upon the decided path. Here a process-oriented method is proposed instead. It is natural to focus on the process, since the path is in reality a result of process needs. Another benefit of choosing process

The focus of this work is on the experimental techniques and data analysis in atomic spectroscopy. Improved methods for the analysis of spectra and the determination of level energies are presented. Most of these are based on a rigorous statistical treatment of the spectroscopic data. Strong lines in the spectrum of singly-ionized neon between 2000 and 5000Å are suggested as tertiary wavelength st

The theme of this dissertation is how changing claims as to what is proper and true social work have been formulated and staged in the twentieth century. From the perspective of cultural analysis I seek to discuss how social work has been formed and changed over a century. I wish to demonstrate how descriptions and narratives, actions and gazes, practice and rhetoric have constituted a changing pr

Possible effects from colour interferences in strong interactions are discussed and investigated, and possible experimental signals in e+e- --> hadrons and e+e- --> W+W- --> hadrons are suggested. The observability of the signals depend on the relative probabilities of the occurrence of interferences, and can provide a measurement of the probabilities. This is important since these probabilities c

This work deals with interpretation of experimental surface spectroscopic data with the aid of first-principle calculations. Surface infrared reflection-absorption spectra as well as spectra from the electron spectroscopic methods photoemission and X-ray absorption are considered. In all cases the surface is modeled by a metal cluster with the same (frozen) geometry as part of the surface. The wo

This thesis is about the importance of context to learning processes in computer-supported flexible education. The purpose is to develop knowledge about how students in an upper secondary class experience and act in a computer-supported flexible educational environment and how the experienced context affects the students' learning processes. An ethnographic application involving theories of learni

Decolonizing the Viking Age 1 argues that the Scandinavian “Viking Age” can be seen as a system of knowledge constructed in the late 19th century and in its basic structures maintained up to the present day. This system of knowledge was heavily influenced by the nationalistic and evolutionary ideas of its time of making and may be described as a colonialism of the past. The book follows the making

This thesis contributes to mathematics, finance and computer simulations. In terms of mathematics this thesis concerns applied probability and Lévy processes and from the financial point of view the thesis concerns derivative pricing. Within these two areas several simulation techniques are investigated. The thesis is organized as follows. The first two chapters are to be considered as reviews on

This thesis concentrates on bioenergy (or biomass utilised for heat, electricity and fuels for transport) as a renewable energy with significant potentials and options. Biomass can be considered as 'stored' solar energy because the process of photosynthesis 'captures' energy from the sun in growing plants. Bioenergy systems under the 'right' conditions can greatly contribute to climate mitigation,