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Det kan i dagsläget vara svårt att veta hur många som vistas i en byggnad. Detta är problematiskt sett ur räddningstjänstens perspektiv. Om räddningstjänsten under räddningsinsatser vet hur många personer som finns kvar i en byggnad samt var de befinner sig, kan räddningsinsatsen effektiviseras. Utrymningssystem som har kännedom om personers position i en byggnad medger möjlighet att i realtid vägIf during an emergency, the rescue service have knowledge of how many people are left in a building and where they are located, the rescue service’s response could be more effective and reduce the overall risk. Dynamic crowd management is a new way of managing crowd movements during an emergency. For this system to work,sensors capable of tracking people in need of evacuation, is required. In Octo

In this thesis three methods to predict smoke spread thorough small ventilation openings for the CFD field model FDS 5 are evaluated. The methods have been applied to several experiments where smoke spread in to the attic through ventilation openings in the eave have been studied. The obtained result shows that the applied methods are not adequate for heat release rates less than 140 kW. The requi

The European Union actively employs public diplomacy for enhancing visibility and promoting its positive image among the foreign audiences. There is an extensive academic debate concerning the normative and regulatory framework of the EU public diplomacy. While correct, the literature omits the observation of the influence it has on target societies. This thesis is devoted to the illumination of E

Making buildings more sustainable and energy efficient, increases the importance of interoperability of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Building Energy Modelling (BEM) in the design process. The increasing use of these software calls for finding more efficient ways to work between BIM and BEM. This paper explored different workflow methodologies between BIM and BEM software focused on tim

BACKGROUND: Knee rotation plays an important part in knee kinematics during weight-bearing activities. An external device for measuring knee rotation (the Rottometer) has previously been evaluated for validity by simultaneous measurements of skeletal movements with Roentgen Stereometric Analysis (RSA). The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the device. METHOD: The within-day

The leaf area index (LAI), was estimated in deciduous forests of southern Sweden using different estimation techniques. The effective LAI (L-e) was estimated optically by measurements with the gap fraction instrument LAI-2000 and corrections for the aggregation of leaves were achieved by using the TRAC (Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies) instrument. Two methods for correcting the cont

Abstract: In order to evaluate physical capacity it is neccesary to choose an appropriate method depending on the condition of the subject being tested and on the purpose of testing. A review has been carried out in order to present some of the protocols for evaluating exercise capacity which are in practical use. Twenty different test protocols for evaluating exercise capacity; 12 cycle protocols

Traditional fire alarms emit a high-frequency sound to alert the occupants of an imminent threat, which may be less appropriate for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. To address this issue, the scientific literature concerning alternative alarm technologies has been reviewed to evaluate their effectiveness in awakening people who are deaf or hard of hearing. The results show that low-frequenc

The subgrade is the top surface of a roadbed upon which the pavement structure is constructed. The purpose is to provide a platform for construction of the pavement and to support the pavement without unwanted deflection that would reduce its performance. For those reasons subgrade bearing capacity have to be investigate during the construction process as a quality control, based on the design res

The aim of this study was to investigate Swedish children's and parents' attitudes and knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination a year after gender-neutral HPV vaccination was introduced in Sweden's national immunization program (NIP). Additional information about HPV and vaccine was provided in the extended immunazation program. In total, 276 parents and 206 children from 22 School