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Objective A common threonine481serine polymorphism (T481S) has been shown in vitro to strongly activate the chloride channel Kb (CLC-Kb) expressed in the kidney, and the 481S allele has been associated with human hypertension. The study aim was to evaluate the association of the T481 S polymorphism with blood pressure (BP) levels and the BP progression rate in Swedes. Design and methods The cardio
When pricing public utility services Swedish municipalities are not allowed to charge more than their full cost. A dominant cost component in operations such as energy distribution or handling water and wastewater is the cost of fixed assets-depreciation plus interest, here referred to as "capital service cost" (CSC). The maximum acceptable price for the services is the full cost, i.e., variable c
Partial reduction of vanadia supported on silica-titania by NH3 + NO has been studied by electrical conductance and ESR measurements. The relationship between electrical conductance and degree of reduction was determined by oxidative and reductive titrations of V(IV) and V(V) species leached from catalyst samples which had been reduced to different levels. In situ monitoring of the steady-state V(
Cells continuously export, import, and recycle molecules over the plasma membrane. Internalization, i.e. cellular import of extracellular material, is a fundamental process, which provides cells with nutrients and enables the immune cells of higher organisms to remove debris, sample their surroundings for antigens and to fight microbes. Moreover, internalization regulates complex cellular signalli
Most III-V compound semiconductor nanowires seeded by metal particles grow preferentially in a (over bar 1 over bar 1 over bar 1)B direction (B wires) and most commonly with many stacking faults perpendicular to the growth direction. If growth proceeds in an alternate direction, defect-free growth has been observed. We present experimental results for the growth of GaAs nanowires in a previously u
Physical activity has been suggested to be one of the determinants of bone turnover and to prevent age-related bone loss. To examine this we measured the serum levels of osteocalcin (bone Gla-protein, BGP), C-terminal procollagen peptide (PICP), serum alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and S-calcium as indices of bone formation in 19 actively performing and 15 ex-lifters. Al
We have previously described a microarray approach to identify and clone genes from mutants of higher organisms. In the method cDNA of two mutants with similar phenotype are competitively hybridized to DNA clones arrayed on a glass slide. Clones corresponding to an mRNA that is not expressed in one of the strains due to a mutation will be specifically highlighted in the hybridization, which provid
A monodispersive aerosol dynamic model, coupled to a 3D hydrodynamical grid model, has been used to study the dynamics of ultrafine particles inside a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden. The model results were compared to measured data of particle number concentrations, traffic intensity and tunnel ventilation rate. Coagulation and depositional losses to the tunnel walls were shown to be important p
Knowledge of relatedness between pairs of individuals plays an important role in many research areas including evolutionary biology, quantitative genetics, and conservation. Pairwise relatedness estimation methods based on genetic data from highly variable molecular markers are now used extensively as a substitute for pedigrees. Although the sampling variance of the estimators has been intensively
Monocot residues such as corn stover and straw are often not fully exploited and constitute a potential substrate for bioethanol production. However, a number of factors such as high enzyme loadings make large-scale utilization economically difficult. Addition of non-ionic surfactants and poly(ethylene glycol) to enzymatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic substrates has been found to increase
The main topic of this Thesis is the x-ray spectroscopic studies of free nano-clusters with size more than 10^3 atoms. The photoelectron spectroscopy experiments on rare gas and metal clusters were performed at beamline I411 at MAX-lab National Swedish synchrotron radiation facility. Free rare-gas clusters are simplest objects in cluster research. However their electronic structure springs a lot
The aim of this report is to identify the role of academics as entrepreneurs. Education and a highly educated staff is a growth factor in companies and in this report we will highlight the characteristics of companies established by academics and which factors are crucial for these companies to grow. A special focus has been whether academics organise their companies in a particular way – a way th
Popular Abstract in Swedish I atmosfären finns förutom olika gaser, såsom kväve, syre, vattenånga och en mängd gaser i låga koncentrationer, även partiklar. Dessa partiklar kallas aerosolpartiklar och de kan hålla sig svävande upp till flera veckor innan de deponeras till marken igen. Moln- och dimmdroppar bildas i atmosfären genom att vattenånga kondenserar på aerosolpartiklar. Detta kan ske då lIn this work, cloud and fog droplet formation was studied in three joint field experiments. The instrument, the droplet aerosol analyser (DAA), has also been further developed and verified as part of this work. The DAA is an instrument especially developed for studies of cloud and fog droplet formation and growth. It measures the ambient size of individual droplets and interstitial particles in a
Although Sweden is a northern country with fairly low outdoor temperatures most of the year, its district cooling (DC) systems are expected to expand. Some actors claim that there is potential for at least a doubling of DC in Sweden. One reason for this is that demand for cooling increases with the increased use of electronics such as computers, resulting in higher indoor temperatures from waste h
The aim of this study is to explore the ethics of the Nag Hammadi text, The Tripartite Tractate. This text, the fifth tractate in Nag Hammadi Codex I, has received comparatively little attention, although it is the most detailed Valentinian treaty still extant. By investigating the ethics of The Tripartite Tractate, this study not only illuminates a previously unstudied aspect of this very interes
A new nickel tellurite oxohalide, Ni15Te12O34Cl10, has been prepared by chemical vapour transport reactions and the crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar with the pseudomonoclinic cell parameters a = 10.3248(6) angstrom, b = 10.3249(6) angstrom, c = 11.6460(8) angstrom, alpha = 73.782(6)degrees, b
