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Syftet med uppsatsen är att presentera möjligheter att hänföra en PMSCs (Private Military and Security Company) överträdelser av internationell rätt till en kontrakterande Stat. Uppsatsen fokuserar på relevanta bestämmelser i ARSIWA som det huvudsakliga rättsliga ramverket för Statsansvar. Uppsatsen presenterar definitionen av PMSCs och relevanta egenskaper rörande dess arbetssätt och organisationThe aim of the thesis is to present the possibilities of attributing the unlawful conduct of a Private Military and Security Company (PMSC) to a contracting State. It focuses on relevant provisions of ARSIWA as the main legal framework on State responsibility for wrongful acts. It will focus on relevant characteristics of PMSCs that contribute to the assessment of these entities under the law of a

Older and normally more low-scale buildings are from a historical and cultural perspective in need to be preserved. But these older buildings are often also perceived as contributing to more beauty-oriented values to an urban environment, so called charm. For these reasons, new building development projects should be designed in such a way that these qualities are not destroyed. This study has thr

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the ultrafast structural response of the phase change material (PCM) Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$ following laser excitation. Phase change materials are a group of materials capable of rapid, non-volatile, switching between an amorphous and a crystalline phase. The two phases exhibit high optical and electrical contrast, meaning the optical reflectivity and the

The thesis integrates three different areas namely conflict prevention, human rights and NHRIs. The underlying assumption, that it is possible to prevent conflicts by implementing human rights, will be challenged. Furthermore, the human rights protection and the existing human rights machinery will be explored. The purpose is to examine and analyze if NHRIs are an efficient tool to implement human

https://www.ludc.lu.se/resources/population-studies - 2026-07-21

De svenska ränteavdragsbegräsningsreglernas förenlighet med EU-rätten har varit föremål för kritik sedan en lång tid tillbaka. Reglerna är tillämpliga på koncerninterna lån och syftar till att motverka både skatteflykt och att den svenska skattebasen eroderas genom fiktiva och konstlade upplägg. Enligt reglernas förarbeten fanns ingen avsikt att reglerna skulle träffa koncerner hemmahörande i Sve

Under den tidigare delen av mesozoikum inträffade två massutdöende som i stor utsträckning kom att påverka jordens ekosystem. Det första inträffade i slutet av trias och påverkade både marina organismer och terrestrisk biota. Det andra mesozoiska utdöendet skedde under tidig toarcian i samband med ett anoxiskt event. Trots att den Australienska sen triassiska floran behandlats i ett flertal studie

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions:Our paper outlines the development of vocabulary proficiency tests for minority languages and addresses the challenges in doing so.Design/Methodology/Approach:The strategies are exemplified based on recently developed tests for Sicilian and Venetan, two large languages in Italy without official status. Users of these types of languages tend to have on

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a largely unknown aetiology. The risk of developing RA is partly dependent on genetic factors, which has motivated extensive efforts to identify the disease regulating genes as away to understand disease pathogenesis. However, identifying genes controlling complex diseases such as RA has proven extremely difficult and to date only a fe

Pollen records from a small lake and a small peatland at Ire in northern Blekinge, Sweden, reveal that until A.D. 300 there was a mixed deciduous type of woodland dominated by Quercus, Tilia and Corylus, with Betula, Pinus, Populus, Fraxinus, Ulmus and Acer as important constituents. The first, but weak, signs of human influence on the vegetation are detected around 2300 B.C. At this time, the are

The Green Revolution combined advancements in breeding and agricultural practice, and provided food security to millions of people. Daily food supply is still a major issue in many parts of the world and is further challenged by future climate change. Fortunately, life science research is currently making huge progress, and the development of future crop plants will be explored. Today, plant breed

We have determined how the bulk behavior of mixtures of small cationic poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (generation 2, PAMAM-G2) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) affects the structure and composition of the adsorbed layers at the air-water interface. The aim is to reveal how the size of a well-defined hyperbranched polyelectrolyte affects the interfacial and bulk solution behavior of mixtures with oppo

Background information. Transmembrane water flow is aided by water-specific channel proteins, aquaporins. Plant genomes code for approx. 35 expressed and functional aquaporin isoforms. Plant aquaporins fall into four different subfamilies of which the PIPS (plasma membrane intrinsic proteins) constitute the largest and evolutionarily most conserved subfamily with 13 members in Arabidopsis and maiz