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High accuracy and low computational costs are essential properties for efficient finite element codes. Improvements of the finite element method in order to satisfy these qualities have been the subject for extensive research activities ever since its introduction. In this thesis, a class of improved low-order finite elements is proposed which possesses high accuracy in bending even for coarse
Popular Abstract in Swedish Stjärnors radialhastigheter har i mer än ett sekel haft betydelse för studiet av Vintergatans och stjärnhoparnas kinematik. Radialhastigheten är den hastighet en stjärna, eller ett annat objekt, har längs synlinjen från en given observatör. Hittills har radialhastigheter bestämts med hjälp av spektroskopi, genom att observera spektrallinjer vars vilovåglängder är kända.This work demonstrates the determination of absolute stellar radial velocities from geometrical principles, i.e. using astrometry. Such `astrometric radial velocities' are obtained independently of spectroscopic information. While spectroscopic radial velocities are affected by line shifts from astrophysical processes on the stellar surfaces, by gravitational redshift and various other effects, as
Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodkärlen har till uppgift att distribuera syre och näring till kroppens alla celler, samt att borttransportera slaggprodukter som sedan bildas efter nyttjandet. Dessutom förmedlas en rad signalsubstanser till kroppens vävnader via blodcirkulationen. Eftersom mängden cirkulerande blod är begränsad är det viktigt att blodkärlen, bestående av artärer som för blodet från This thesis aims at characterizing the endothelin (ET) receptors in different vascular beds of man and rat. The ET-A receptor was shown to be the only contractile ET receptor present in all vascular regions, with the exception of the rat mesenteric vein where a weak ET-B receptor-mediated contraction was seen. Treatment with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to the ET-A receptor mRNA during organ cu
Bakgrund: Det finns lite forskning om skapande aktivitet, dels inom arbetsterapeutisk intervention men även som insats för gruppen personer som har långvarig smärta. Syfte: Att få en ökad förståelse och kunskap om personers upplevelser av skapande aktivitet som arbetsterapeutisk intervention samt hur denna erfarenhet kan tillämpas i vardagen av denna målgrupp. Metod: En kvalitativ datainsamlingsme
This investigation makes a survey of the spread of fire and the fire development in low-rise residential building areas through obtaining the literal knowledge of factors having influence on a fire in one burning building and fire spread between buildings within a group of single-family houses. The purpose of the investigation was, on basis of the knowledge, to propose improved measures and the ch
Purpose – This paper aims to explore the potential of ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) to incorporate the direct printing of electrical materials and arrangements (conductors and insulators) at the interlaminar interface of parts during manufacture to allow the integration of functional and optimal electrical circuitries inside dense metallic objects without detrimental effect on the overal
BACKGROUND: Several rating scales assessing stress-related symptoms of exhaustion have emerged in recent years. However, more knowledge is needed about the performance of these rating scales in patients with stress-related disorders as well as in other patient groups. With the recently developed Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale (KEDS), we compared symptoms of exhaustion in different patient gr
The market for membrane technology in the food and beverage industries increased during the last two decades to a market volume of about € 150 million and is now the second biggest industrial market for membranes after municipal water treatment in Europe. The aim of this study is to highlight new application concepts for membrane processes either by replacing conventional separation processes or b
Osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and form upon stimulation of osteoclast precursors by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL). Osteoclasts resorb bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K. Failure of bone resorption or bone formation results in metabolic bone disOsteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and form upon stimulation of osteoclast precursors by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL). Osteoclasts resorb bone by secreting hydrochloric acid, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K. Failure of bone resorption or bone formation results in metabolic bone dis
Plant growth, nutrient uptake, microbial biomass and activity were studied in pot systems containing spruce seedlings colonised with different ectomycorrhizal fungi from an ash-fertilised forest. The seedling root systems were enclosed in mesh bags inside an outer compartment containing crushed, hardened wood ash. Three different species of mycorrhizal fungi and a non-mycorrhizal control were expo
The heterogeneity of the components of proteoglycan aggregates, their stoichiometry within the aggregate and the aggregates' stability was investigated in normal human articular cartilage specimens (age-range newborn to 63 years). Proteoglycans were extracted from tissue by sequentially extracting them with PBS alone, PBS containing oligosaccharides of hyaluronan, and PBS containing solutions of i
Combining experiment and theory, evidence from surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were obtained for p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) produced from p-aminothiophenol (PATP) by selective catalytic coupling reaction on silver nanoparticles. The time-dependent SERS spectra of PATE are consistent with the calculated SERS spectra of DMAB), which is the direct evidence or the production of DMAB fro
The adsorption of the dicarboxylates o-phthalate, maleate, fumarate, malonate, and oxalate (representing ligands with the general composition -O2C-C-n-CO2; n = 0, 1, or 2) on gibbsite were studied by means of quantitative batch adsorption experiments and attenuated total reflectance Fourier. transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The interpretations of ATR-FTIR spectra were aided by compariso
Bacterial endotoxin has been suggested as responsible for the development of subjective symptoms and transient or chronic lung function impairment seen after exposure to organic dusts in cotton mills, poultry houses, swine confinement buildings and saw mills. Animal experiments have demonstrated bronchoalveolar neutrophilia being the most prominent cell response in animals following bacterial lipo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt mål var att förstå och fördjupa kunskapen om de mekanismer som kontrollerar värme- och masstransport vid stekning av djupfrysta hamburgare. Avhandlingen redovisar bl. a. hur olika faktorer som val av köttråvara, sönderdelningen av köttet, diametern på hamburgaren och tillagningstemperatur bestämmer värme- och massöverföring i hamburgaren under tillagning. TemperatuThe aim of the present work was to gain better understanding of the mechanisms controlling heat and mass transfer during thermal processing of beefburgers. The effects of different factors such as the chemical composition and comminution of the meat raw material, the pan temperature and the meat patty diameter on the characteristics of heat and mass transfer were studied. The evolution of the char
Popular Abstract in Swedish I detta arbete har utvecklats automatiserade system för analys av miljöprover och av biologiska material. Två olika membranbaserade provupparbetningsmetodiker har använts för provförberedelse tillsammans med olika typer av kromatografi för själva analysen. Dessa principer har applicerats på tre olika tillämpningsområden. Extraktion med vätskemembran har kopplats med etThe main objective of this work was to construct practical analytical systems for the analysis of environmental and biological samples, using membrane-based techniques for sample pretreatment and chromatography for final analysis. Two types of membrane processes have been applied, with emphasis on automation. The supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction was carried out in an automated continuou
Popular Abstract in English Heme is a small red-colored molecule consisting of an iron atom bound to a chemical structure called porphyrin. Heme is essential for many organisms, including humans, because it is a cofactor in a variety of proteins that are needed to sustain metabolism. The probably most famous heme protein is hemoglobin which gives blood its red color. The heme cofactor in hemoglobiHeme proteins form a large and diverse group of proteins which are involved in a variety of biological functions. The heme prosthetic group enables them to carry out redox reactions, transport electrons, bind gaseous molecules, and function as sensors. Despite their importance only little is generally known about heme protein biogenesis. The Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is found i
Microchromatographic separations of polar aromatic compounds (pyridine, 4-pyridylmethanol, 4-methoxyphenol, 2-naphthol, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene) using continuous beds are described. The columns were prepared by a simple one-step in situ polymerization procedure: a solution of acrylic monomers, including the cross-linking agent piperazine diacrylamide, was polym
