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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of intensive smoking cessation interventions (ISCIs) directly compared with shorter interventions (SIs), measured as successful quitting.METHOD: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL were searched on 15 October 2021. Peer-reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adult, daily smokers undergoing an ISCI were included. No setting, time or languag
Aims To investigate self-reported cold sensitivity and functional disability after a repaired major nerve trunk injury in the upper extremity. Methods We identified 735 individuals with a major nerve trunk injury in the upper extremity, surgically treated with direct nerve repair or reconstructed with nerve autografts, in the Swedish national quality registry for hand surgery (HAKIR). Patient-repo
Interactions between physical bodies constantly affect their properties. This thesis presents a theoretical study on the effects of interaction in few-body nanowire quantum dots. The focus is to a large extent on a phenomenon called Wigner localization, and how this, as well as other interaction effects, can be identified in an experiment by transport spectroscopy and by thermopower measurements.
This dissertation, based on six included papers, theoretically investigates properties of quantum few-particle systems. An overview of related experimental research - ultra-cold trapped dilute gases, and electrons in quantum dots - is given, followed by a description of some of the studied many-particle phenomena - Bose-Einstein condensation, quantized vortices, Wigner localization and the Tonks-G
Objectives: To examine the risk of fractures in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA), compared to the background population, and predictors of fractures detectable early in RA. Methods: An inception cohort of patients with RA (N = 233; 164 women/69 men, recruited 1995–2005) was evaluated according to a structured program, including repeated clinical assessments and m
Straw and nutrients retained in soil are crucial for priming effect (PE) and consequently for soil organic matter (SOM) turnover. However, the mechanisms by which carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their stoichiometric ratios impact microbial communities and regulate the PE intensity remain controversial, particularly in the flooded rice soils. In this work, the PE dynamics and micro
Several studies have shown the association between decreased insulin sensitivity and the risk of male hypogonadism. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a well-established marker of decreased insulin sensitivity. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), calculated as ln fasting triglyceride mg/dL× fasting glucose mg/dL/2, was recently suggested to be a cheaper and a reliabl
Background: Dental resin composites' performance is intricately linked to their polymerisation shrinkage characteristics. This study compares polymerisation shrinkage using advanced 3D micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and traditional 2D linear assessments. It delves into the crucial role of filler content on shrinkage and the degree of conversion in dental resin composites, providing valuable
Differential growth is central to eukaryotic morphogenesis. We showed using cellular imaging, simulations, and perturbations that light-induced differential growth in a curved organ, the Arabidopsis thaliana apical hook, emerges from the longitudinal expansion of subepidermal cells, acting in parallel with a differential in the material properties of epidermal cell walls that resist expansion. The
This thesis presents work in several areas relating to Random Matrix Theory and Elasticity. It contains 4 papers presenting work on different issues. Paper I concerns correlations between eigenvalues in random matrices of real symmetric (GOE) or quaternion real (GSE) form. It presents a calculation showing that correlations between arbitrarily many eigenvalues can be obtained from averages of a t
The field of research dealing with the integration of biomolecules with electronic elements to form functional devices is called ‘‘bioelectronics’’. Bioelectronics based on mediated electron transfer (MET) between the biological element and the electrodes are designated as “second generation” while the one based on direct electron transfer (DET) is specified as “third generation”. Implanted bioele
Soil erosion by water is a major cause of landscape degradation in semi-humid to semi-arid Mediterranean environments. Terrain particularly susceptible to the phenomenon witness a combination of erosive soil, unconsolidated rock type, steep slope, high rainfall intensity, active tectonic movement, rapid land use change and intense human interference. Current erosion models (e.g. USLE, RUSLE) are b
Experiments where gasoline exhaust was exposed to UV-radiation to examine Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation were performed in a smog chamber. The Aerosol Mass Yield (formed SOA/reacted precursor mass) was determined and compared with the yield from a pure precursor experiment in the chamber and from results reported in literature. Preliminary results show that the majority of the organic a
