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Background: Nerve compression disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and ulnar entrapment at the elbow (UNE), may be associated with apoptosis and neuroprotective mechanisms in the peripheral nerve that may be detected by biomarkers in the blood. The relationships between CTS and UNE and two biomarkers of apoptosis, i.e., caspase-3 and caspase-8, and the neuroprotective factor Heat Shock
Environmental exposure of people plays an important role in assessing the quality of human life. The most existing methods that estimate the environmental exposure either focus on the individual level or do not consider human mobility. This paper adopts a vector field generated from the observed locations of human activities to model the environmental exposure at the population level. An improved
We investigated the occurrence of microplastics (size range 5,000-50 µm) in leach-ates at 11 landfills of different age and operational status in Finland, Iceland and Nor-way. Collective sampling was carried out by pumping leachate with a stainless-steel submergible pump through a custom-made, stainless-steel filter unit containing filter plates with decreasing pore sizes (5,000, 417 and 47 µm, re
Heterostructure engineering in III-V vertical nanowire (VNW) MOSFETs enables tuning of transconductance and breakdown voltage. In this work, an InxGa 1−x As channel with a Ga-composition grading ( x= 1–0.4) in the channel and drain region, combined with field plate engineering, enables breakdown voltage above 2.5 V, while maintaining transconductance of about 1 mS/ μm , in VNW MOSFETs. The field p
Binding between protein molecules on contacting cells is essential in initiating and regulating several key biological processes. In contrast to interactions between molecules in solution, these events are restricted to the two-dimensional (2D) plane of the meeting cell surfaces. However, converting between the more commonly available binding kinetics measured in solution and the so-called 2D bind
Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications in the last decade. A large amount of effort has been made to investigate the interplay between the crystalline lattice and photoexcited charge carriers as it is vital to their optoelectronic performance. Among them, ultrafast laser spectroscopy has been intensively utilized to explore the charge carrier d
Industrially relevant, highly dispersed, Pt/ceria and reference Pt/alumina catalysts with narrow Pt particle size distributions have been prepared, characterised ex situ and studied for CO oxidation by operando infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. At high CO conversions, spectator CO ad-species on ionic platinum are observed while the CO oxidation proceeds on Pt particles in a high oxidatio
English is widely recognized as the language of science, and English-language publications (ELPs) are rapidly increasing. It is often assumed that the number of non-ELPs is decreasing. This assumption contributes to the underuse of non-ELPs in conservation science, practice, and policy, especially at the international level. However, the number of conservation articles published in different langu
Halide perovskites are enticing candidates for highly efficient planar light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with commercial potential in displays and lighting. However, it remains a challenge for conventional solution fabrication processes to fabricate large-scale or non-planar LEDs due to the non-uniformity of perovskite films in conjunction with material stability issues. Here large-area highly uniform
While quantum fluctuations in binary mixtures of bosonic atoms with short-range interactions can lead to the formation of a self-bound droplet, for equal intracomponent interactions but an unequal number of atoms in the two components, there is an excess part that cannot bind to the droplet. Imposing confinement, as here through periodic boundary conditions in a one-dimensional setting, the drople
Chronic kidney disease and osteoporosis commonly co-exist in aged patients. Chronic kidney disease affects bone health because of its effect on mineral metabolism in the syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone Disorder, resulting in an increased risk of fractures. Hip fracture risk may be as much as four-fold higher in the worst affected. Tools to estimate fracture risk such as FRAX® and
Cesium lead halides are a family of bright, visible-light emitting materials with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in nanocrystals (NCs). The usual way to achieve visible light-emission tunability is by mixing halides, which often leads to phase separation and poor stability. While the NCs should also show size-dependent PL emission, reports on strong quantum confinement in these
Objective: It has been proposed that endogenous sex hormone levels may present a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. However, the evidence for effects of sex steroids on cognitive ageing is conflicting. We therefore investigated associations between endogenous hormone levels, androgen receptor CAG repeat length, and cognitive domains including visuoconstructional abilities, visual memory
Humans are exposed to various metals through many different routes and each person’s genetic background contributes to their susceptibility to metal toxicity. In addition, recent evidence points to a role for the genetics of the human microbiome in metal uptake and toxicity. DNA sequence variation in genes that regulate metal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics influences metal accumulation and rete
Aims: To investigate associations between trust in the healthcare system and all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and other causes mortality. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: A public health questionnaire was conducted in 2008 in Scania, the southernmost part of Sweden, with a 54.1% participation rate with a postal questionnaire and three reminders. In this study 24,833 respondents we
Mass production and consumption based on virgin materials have been the mainstream practice for decades across industrialised nations. Resource consumption has reached an unsustainable level, leading to devastating environmental impacts. For a more sustainable future, not only environmentally but economically and socially, material cycles need to be slowed down and, if possible, closed. Upcycling
Purpose: To determine the effect of glaucomatous visual field (VF) damage close to the point of fixation, called threat-to-fixation (TTF), on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in open-angle glaucoma. Methods: A total of 239 patients from the Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS) were included in this analysis. The second VF of patients with newly diagnosed primarily early glaucoma was eva
Spermatozoa motility in freshwater and marine fish is mainly controlled by the difference in osmotic pressure. Specifically, zebrafish (Danio rerio) spermatozoa undergo hypoosmotic shock due to the decrease in extracellular potassium, which leads to membrane hyperpolarization and activation of flagellar motility. Previous studies have concluded that motility activation has a negative effect on the
Protein-protein interactions are crucial in numerous cellular functions and biological processes that take place inside our body. It is therefore not surprising that these interactions also govern the response of our body´s defence mechanism, the so-called immune system, towards an infection. Understanding how proteins interact entails studying the binding affinity (strength) and the lifetime (dur
