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Kidney disease is a growing problem in the whole world. It is important to find these patients in an early state of the disease because then they can be treated and dialysis treatment can be avoided. To measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) an invasive technigue is used. In this thesis an equation to estimate GFR (eGFR) by drawing a blood sample and measure the concentration of cystatin C i
We aimed to explore the cerebellar cortical inputs from two spinocerebellar pathways, the spinal border cell-component of the ventral spinocerebellar tract (SBC-VSCT) and the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT), respectively, in the sublobule C1 of the cerebellar posterior lobe. The two pathways were activated by electrical stimulation of the contralateral lateral funiculus (coLF) and the ipsilate
Pheromone monitoring could provide unique spatial and temporal information about rare and threatened insect species for conservation purposes. Pheromone traps may be especially valuable in detecting fluctuations and declines in vulnerable species, if trap catch can be related to population density. We exploited the pheromone-kairomone system of the hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita and its predator,
Background: We found marked improvement of glycemic control and several cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes given advice to follow a Paleolithic diet, as compared to a diabetes diet. We now report findings on subjective ratings of satiety at meal times and participants' other experiences of the two diets from the same study. Methods: In a randomized cross-over study, 13 pa
Assessment of the potential impact of climate change on water systems has been an essential part of hydrological research over the last couple of decades. However, the notion that such assessments should also include technological, demographic and land use changes is relatively recent. In this study, the potential impacts of climate change and continued urbanisation on waste and stormwater flows i
Walkability is often researched from the perspective of certain physical features in the built environment. However, for this paper, the point of departure was to also treat walking as a transport mode for reaching destinations and performing every-day activities. A conceptual model addressing both perceptions of the built environment and perceived limits due to every-day activities was used as a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Interdisciplinära smärtrehabiliteringsprogram har visat bättre resultat än mindre intensiva åtgärder. Det saknas dock kunskap inom flera olika områden. Denna avhandling har bland annat fokuserat vilka aktivitetsproblem som personer som genomgått ett sådant program upplever viktigast att förbättra. Alla deltagarna i programmet hade långvarig muskuloskeltal smärta med komMultidisciplinary pain rehabilitation programmes are found decreasing pain and improve back-to-work rates. There is, however, a lack of knowledge in several respects. The overall aim of this thesis was to study outcomes in terms of occupational performance, satisfaction with performance, psychosocial functioning, disability, and coping profiles at a one-year follow-up after a musculoskeletal pain
Parmelioid lichens are a diverse and ubiquitous group of foliose lichens. Generic delimitation in parmelioid lichens has been in a state of flux since the late 1960s with the segregation of the large, heterogeneous genus Parmelia into numerous smaller genera. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that some of these new genera were monophyletic, some were not, and others, previous
Weld residual stress (RS) measurements are often undertaken on test-pieces which have been Cut Out from large components, yet it remains unclear to what extent the RSs in test-pieces are representative of those present in the original component. Similarly weld mechanical performance tests are frequently undertaken on cross-weld test-pieces without a proper understanding of the level or influence o
The role of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in breast cancer has been investigated since its identification in 1996. Studies based on protein expression have indicated that ERβ is a favorable prognostic marker. Further, ERβ expression is lower in obese breast cancer patients. Fewer studies have focused on the prognostic impact of ERβ polymorphisms. Therefore, we analyzed the associations between four
Asthma is characterized, not only by inflammation but also by airway and vascular remodeling. Airway remodeling is established early in disease, structural alterations have been found in children, and is thought to contribute to asthma symptoms. Unfortunately, airway remodeling is considered difficult to reverse and it seldom resolves completely. Studies of vascular involvement in asthma have main
Antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA) directed against bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) are common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and serum levels are correlated with lung colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the severity of lung damage. The production of BPI-ANCA may be due to the costimulation of BPI when mounting an immune response against P. aeruginosa.
Twelve fossil species of Proteaceous pollen, predominantly attributable to Proteacidites and Beaupreaidites, were recovered from the Maastrichtian-Paleocene sedimentary succession of the Garden Cove Formation on Campbell Island, the southernmost landmass of the Zealandia continent. Among these are two new species, Proteacidites campbellensis and Proteacidites hortisinus. The high diversity of Prot
The effect of ozone additive on the enhancement of the burning velocity for premixed methane-air flames is investigated by both experimental measurements and kinetic simulations. Laminar burning velocities with and without O(3) were directly measured using the Heat Flux method. The O(3) molecules were introduced into the system by a dielectric-barrier-discharge ozone generator installed in the O(2
Thin semitransparent gels were prepared by radical copolymerization of N-acryloyl-m-aminophenylboronic acid (NAAPBA) and acrylamide (AAm) taken in molar ratios from 8:92 to 16:84, respectively, in water. The gels were characterized by the content of immobilized NAAPBA and monomer conversion. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the micrometer size pores in the dried gels. The wet gels displayed a
Background: Lumbar spine radiography has limited diagnostic value but low radiation dose compared with computed tomography (CT). The average effective radiation dose from lumbar spine radiography is about 1.1 mSv. Low-dose lumbar spine CT may be an alternative to increase the diagnostic value at low radiation dose, around 1 mSv. Purpose: To determine the optimal settings for low-dose lumbar spine
Background: Cerebral ischemia results in enhanced expression of contractile cerebrovascular receptors, such as endothelin type B (ETB), 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1B (5-HT1B), angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) and thromboxane (TP) receptors in the cerebral arteries within the ischemic area. The receptor upregulation occurs via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. Previous
Zooplankton accumulate several groups of photoprotective compounds to shield against damaging ultraviolet radiation (UV). One of these groups, the carotenoids, makes the animals more conspicuous to visually hunting predators, whereas others, such as the mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) may not. The blend of photoprotective compounds is therefore important for the UV defense but also for the abi
The variations in tropospheric transport pathways over a 20 year period, 1990-2009, are studied at six locations in Europe. Three Atlantic (Lisbon, Mace Head, and Cabauw) and three Mediterranean sites (Malaga and Elche in the western part and Lecce in the central Mediterranean) are considered. The work is based on the identification of flow types at each location by robust cluster analysis of the
