This study of elderly Swedish women investigated the association between chronic vitamin D insufficiency and osteoporotic fractures occurring between ages 80-90. The incidence and risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures was significantly higher in elderly women with low vitamin D levels maintained over 5 years.

Local environmental and ecological conditions are commonly expected to result in local adaptation, although there are few examples of variation in phenotypic selection across continent-wide spatial scales. We collected standardized data on selection with respect to the highly variable plumage coloration of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleucaPall.) males from 17 populations across the species' bree

Differential measurements of the elliptic (upsilon(2)) and hexadecapole (upsilon(4)) Fourier flow coefficients are reported for charged hadrons as a function of transverse momentum (p(T)) and collision centrality or number of participant nucleons (N-part) for Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV/ The upsilon(2,4) measurements at pseudorapidity vertical bar eta vertical bar

In this study ultrafast energy transfer dynamics in chlorosomes from sulphur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum were explored by means of coherent electronic two-dimensional spectroscopy. Observed sub-100 fs dynamics were attributed to incoherent downhill excitation diffusion between disordered domains within chlorosomes. At the same time vibrational coherent oscillations were investigated on the lon

Which are the main determinants, if any, of sperm DNA methylation levels?

The mixing thermodynamics of GdN with TiN, ZrN, and HfN is studied using first-principles methods. We find that while Ti1-xGdxN has a strong preference for phase separation due to the large lattice mismatch, Zr1-xGdxN and Hf1-xGdxN readily mix, possibly in the form of ordered compounds. In particular, ZrGdN2 is predicted to order in a rocksalt counterpart to the L1(1) structure at temperatures bel

Solar steam turbines are subject to high thermal stresses as a result of temperature gradients during transient operation, which occurs more frequently due to the variability of the solar resource. In order to increase the flexibility of the turbines while preserving lifting requirements, several operational modifications for maintaining turbine temperatures during offline periods are proposed and

The objective of the present study was to develop an experimental model suitable for studying the effects of a nonhemorrhagic soft tissue trauma on plasma volume (PV) and microvascular permeability. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a sham procedure or a laparotomy followed by a standardized trauma to the abdominal rectus muscle. We evaluated the effects of trauma on transcapillary

Objective: Acceptable noise level (ANL) has been established as a method to quantify the acceptance of background noise while listening to speech presented at the most comfortable level. The aim of the present study was to generate Danish, Swedish, and a non-semantic version of the ANL test and investigate normal-hearing Danish and Swedish subjects' performance on these tests. Design: ANL was meas

This paper looks at collecting practices in the everyday world of universities. How do scholars turn into hoarding squirrels, creating their own archives? My focus is on routines and technologies, which deal with storage and order as well as retrieving and discarding of research materials.

Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt proteins are important signals implicated in several aspects of embryonic development, including the early development of the central nervous system. We found that Xenopus Suppressor-of-fused (XSufu) affects neural induction and patterning by regulating the Hh/Gli and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways. Microinjection of XSufu mRNA induced expansion of the epidermis at the expense of

Though there is a very large literature examining whether energy use Granger causes economic output or vice versa, it is fairly inconclusive. Almost all existing studies use relatively short time series, or panels with a relatively small time dimension. We apply Granger causality and cointegration techniques to a Swedish time series dataset spanning 150 years to test whether increases in energy us

In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) the amount of myocardial area at risk (MaR) indicates the maximal potential loss of myocardium if the coronary artery remains occluded. During the time course of infarct evolution ischemic MaR is replaced by necrosis, which results in a decrease in ST segment elevation and QRS complex distortion. Recently it has been shown that combining

The purpose of the study was to investigate and compare the effect of two cooling garments with phase change material (PCM) and ventilation on thermal comfort. Eight female university students (age 24±1 years; height 162±4 cm; body weight 54±4 kg) exercised on a treadmill in an environment of 32 oC with 50 % relative humidity. Tests in three conditions were carried out after moderate exercise with

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to find out the applicability of the many-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) method for various real fluids by specifically focusing on the effects of the MDPD parameters on the MDPD fluid properties. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, the MDPD method based on van der Waals (vdw) equation of state is employed. The simulations are conducted by

The SBP values to be achieved by antihypertensive therapy in order to maximize reduction of cardiovascular outcomes are unknown; neither is it clear whether in patients with a previous cardiovascular event, the optimal values are lower than in the low-to-moderate risk hypertensive patients, or a more cautious blood pressure (BP) reduction should be obtained. Because of the uncertainty whether 'the

ObjectivePatients with congenital heart disease may be operated with surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Reintervention is common in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal self-reported health measured by the EQ-5D questionnaire. DesignData were collected from the Swedish Registry of Congenital Heart Disease. EQ-5D, which measur

To obtain an in-depth understanding of soil nitrogen dynamics, it is necessary to quantify a variety of simultaneously occurring gross nitrogen transformation processes. In order to do so, most studies apply N-15 in a disturbed soil-microbial-root system and quantify gross rates based on the principles of N-15 isotope dilution. However, this approach has several shortcomings. First, studying distu