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In Sweden, leishmaniasis is an imported disease and its epidemiology and incidence were not known until now. We conducted a retrospective, nationwide, epidemiological study from 1993 to 2016. Probable cases were patients with leishmaniasis diagnoses reported to the Swedish Patient registry, collecting data on admitted patients in Swedish healthcare since 1993 and out-patient visits since 2001. Con

The chronic inflammation in Crohn's disease may be caused by aggressive response to bacterial antigens normal to the gut. Genetic and environmental factors modify the inflammatory response evoked by damage to the mucosal gut barrier. Genetic factors may also determine the subsequent course of chronic inflammation. Further elucidation of the pathogenesis might improve our understanding of the heter

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Popular Abstract in Swedish Människor och djur utsätts ständigt för sjukdomsalstrande virus, bakterier och parasiter som finns i vår omgivning. Som skydd mot dessa har vi utvecklat ett immunförsvar. Detta har till uppgift att känna igen och eliminera dessa främmande, sjukdomsalstrande organismer (patogener), medan frisk, kroppsegen vävnad inte känns igen av immunsystemet. Immunsystemet består av kThe aim of this thesis was to better understand the role of antigen presenting cells (APC) in the development of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. We have shown that DC and Mphi that infiltrate the islets of Langerhans produce tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), a cytokine known to contribute to the pathogenesis in the early stages of diabetes development. TNF-a is produced from the ear

Unraveling functional and ancestral relationships between proteins as well as structure-prediction procedures require powerful protein-alignment methods. A structure-alignment method is presented where the problem is mapped onto a cost function containing both fuzzy (Potts) assignment variables and atomic coordinates. The cost function is minimized by using an iterative scheme, where at each step

We present a method for the measurement of a temperature differential across a single quantum dot that has transmission resonances that are separated in energy by much more than the thermal energy. We determine numerically that the method is accurate to within a few percent across a wide range of parameters. The proposed method measures the temperature of the electrons that enter the quantum dot a

Because of the high temperature applied in the steam pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials, different types of inhibiting degradation products of saccharides and lignin, such as acetic acid and furfural, are formed. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effect of acetic acid and furfural on the cellulase production of a filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT C30, which

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the traditional workhorse for reconstructing evolutionary events. The frequent use of mtDNA in such analyses derives from the apparent simplicity of its inheritance: maternal and lacking bi-parental recombination. However, in hybrid zones, the reproductive barriers are often not completely developed, resulting in the breakdown of male mitochondrial elimination mechanis

This study aimed to examine the relationship between craniofacial dysmorphology and anomalies of brain morphology in schizophrenia. Assessments of craniofacial dysmorphology and magnetic resonance imaging of brain were performed independently of each other and blind to each other in 24 males with schizophrenia and 16 male controls. Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume was negatively correlated w

Tamoxifen (Tam) is widely used in chemotherapy of breast cancer. It inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent modulation of gene expression. In addition, recent reports have shown that Tam also has nongenomic effects. We previously reported induction of a rapid mitochondrial death program in breast cancer cells at pharmacological concen