Summary. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and incidence of HIV and hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) among injecting drug users in a Swedish needle exchange programme (NEP) and to identify risk factors for blood-borne transmission. A series of serum samples from NEP participants enrolled from 1997 to 2005 were tested for markers of HIV, HBV and HCV (including retrospective testing

An improved conventional-to-micro/minichannel criterion was proposed by using the Bond number and the liquid Reynolds number. In micro/minichannels, bubbles tend to be confined and elongated in the channel and the conventional two-phase flow theory loses its applicability. As significant disagreement in experimental trends and heat transfer mechanisms was reported for flow boiling in micro/minicha

Madelung A, Bzorek M, Bondo H, Zetterberg E, Bjerrum O W, Hasselbalch H C, Scheding S & Ralfkiaer E (2012) Histopathology A novel immunohistochemical sequential multi-labelling and erasing technique enables epitope characterization of bone marrow pericytes in primary myelofibrosis Aim: In Philadelphia (Ph)-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, increased microvascular density, bizarre

This paper lays the foundations of the analysis of the relationship between gender equality and economic growth. The study of this long-run relationship aims at providing a better understanding of the mechanisms and determinants underpinning the development process which allowed economies to move out of a long period of stagnation into a state of sustainable economic growth. Our scientific objecti

OBJECTIVE To investigate the primary pharmacology of fesoterodine (a novel antimuscarinic drug developed for treating overactive bladder) and SPM 7605 (its active metabolite, considered to be the main pharmacologically active principle of fesoterodine in man) against human muscarinic receptor subtypes, and to investigate in vitro and in vivo functional activity of these agents on the rat bladder c

Post-resuscitation care has changed in the last decade, and outcome after cardiac arrest has improved, thanks to several combined measures. Induced hypothermia has shown a treatment benefit in two randomized trials, but some doubts remain. General care has improved, including the use of emergency coronary intervention. Assessment of neurological function and prognosis in comatose cardiac arrest pa

BACKGROUND: Among head and neck cancers, human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is associated with tonsillar carcinomas. Despite this, no HPV16-positive tonsillar cancer cell line has been established in nude mice.METHODS: Fresh tonsillar carcinoma biopsies were obtained from 23 patients and implanted subcutaneously into nude mice (BALB/c, nu/nu).RESULTS: After 7 months, one xenograft was establishe

The aim was to investigate the relative importance of cervical proprioception compared to vestibular input for head movements on trunk. Subjects with bilateral vestibulopathy (n = 11) were compared to healthy controls (n = 15). We studied their ability to move the head accurately to reproduce four specified target positions in the horizontal yaw plane (neutral head position, 10 degrees target, 30

Abstract in Chinese 概述 学校教学最重要目的之一是赋予每个孩子同等的教育. 尽管如此, 学校再创造了社会差异. 先前的研究表明,学生的低下社会经济情况背景与自然学科成绩低下有一定联系. 这样, 不少学生在未来就被排斥在社会高端学科的教育和职业之外. 本篇论文在Bourdieu和Bernstein的理论基础上, 以自然学科课堂的社会阶级为中心, 旨在对小 学生所受的教育存在不等现象提供更多方位描述和更深层的分析. 在人种民族学的启发下, 本论文的数据取自瑞典义务小学八年级物理教室里的观察, 记录, 采访和统计调查. 1. 对教室里现象的描述和分析揭示了知识难度的下降. 这一现象的发生通常是因为自然学科的教学所具有的社会历史传统因素, 学生, 老师和教室里的谈话社交之间有无形的默契, 或被称为隐蔽的磋商, (出发点往往是善良的愿望),教室里形成了对所有学生都不利的知识难度的The overall aim of this thesis was to contribute to a more complex and multi-faceted description and analysis of inequalities in education, focusing on social class in the science classroom. Inspired by an ethnographic approach, the data was produced through observations, field notes, interviews, and a questionnaire in a Swedish compulsory school. The students aged fourteen and fifteen, were follo

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diabetes is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss possible mechanisms through which diabetes can contribute to a more aggressive atherosclerotic disease process with a particular focus on the role of innate and adaptive immunity. RECENT FINDINGS: The observation that adaptive immune responses to oxidized LDL modula

Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) facilitate the passive transport of small polar molecules across membranes. MIPs constitute a very old family of proteins and different forms have been found in all kinds of living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. In the genomic sequence of Arabidopsis, we have identified 35 different MIP-encoding genes. Based on sequence similarity, these

The Variation Ontology (VariO) is used for describing and annotating types, effects, consequences and mechanisms of variations. To facilitate easy and consistent annotations, the online application VariOtator was developed. For variation type annotations VariOtator is fully automated, accepting variant descriptions in Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) format, and generating VariO terms, either

Although the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetic nephropathy and decline in kidney function are similar to those in type 1, the clinical course and the renal structural changes are more heterogeneous in type 2 diabetic patients. Previous studies have shown that an increased urine IgM excretion in patients with type 1 diabetic nephropathy was associated with poor outcome. In the present foll

The modified Graeb Scale (mGS) is a semi-quantitative method to assess the extension of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The mGS has been shown to prognosticate outcome after ICH in cohorts derived from convenience samples. We evaluated the external validity of mGS in supratentorial ICH-patients from an unselected cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To use self-reported disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire [RMDQ]) to assess the criterion validity of straight leg raising (SLR) test and flexion range of motion (ROM) (fingertip-to-floor test) before and after stratification by sex and presence/absence of radicular pain. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Outpatient physical therapy clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects wit

The true incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is largely unknown, because the few longitudinal studies performed have used diagnostic criteria no longer recommended by either the European Respiratory Society or the American Thoracic Society (ATS).We studied the incidence and significance of airflow limitation in a population-based geriatric sample using both an age-dependent predicte