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Utvärderingen visar att ersättningar för att sköta betesmarker och slåtterängar har en positiv men begränsad effekt på biologisk mångfald i form av fågelfauna och en sammansatt landskapsindikator. Andra stöd och ersättningar som utvärderades har mindre betydelse för dessa indikatorer. Utvärderingen poängterar dock behovet av förbättrad övervakning och data som möjliggör mer detaljerade utvärderingWe have evaluated the impact of the Rural Development Programme 2014–2022 and its support of measures benefitting biodiversity. Bird population sizes, using the Farmland Bird Index (FBI), serve as the main indicator of biodiversity, but the High Nature Value Farmland (HNV) indicator is also used. Our conclusions are:• A combination of approaches is required to evaluate the effects of agrienvironme

AIMS: Patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) have an almost ten-fold increased risk of dislocation compared to patients undergoing elective THA. The surgical approach influences the risk of dislocation. To date, the influence of differing head sizes and dual-mobility components (DMCs) on the risk of dislocation has not been well studied. METHODS: In a

This thesis is focused on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), two concomitant conditions that appear with growing concern. In our work, we aim to improve the identification of individuals at-risk of cardiometabolic disease through the characterization of complex environmental exposures (i.e. diet, physical activity), that temporally vary, and the health effects on card

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Excess adiposity is differentially associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease in men and women, according to observational studies. Causal inference studies largely assume a linear relationship between BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes, which may not be the case. In this study, we investigated the shapes of the causal relationships between BMI and cardiometabolic dis

Aims/hypothesis: Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Prostasin is an epithelial sodium channel stimulator that has been associated with suppression of tumours, glucose metabolism and hyperglycaemia-associated tumour pathology. However, the association between prostasin, diabetes and cancer mortality has not been well investigated in humans. We aim to investigate the associatio

Background: There is considerable evidence for the importance of the DNA methylome in metabolic health, for example, a robust methylation signature has been associated with body mass index (BMI). However, visceral fat (VF) mass accumulation is a greater risk factor for metabolic disease than BMI alone. In this study, we dissect the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) methylome signature relevant to

IntroductionMilitary tasks place considerable physiological demands on the soldier. It is therefore important to know the energy expenditure of soldiers while solving tasks in different environments. The purpose of this study was to describe the cardiorespiratory demands of certain movements and activities on ground combat soldiers during military field operations using body sensors and simulated

Background: Physical activity (PA) increases bone mass, especially in late prepuberty and early puberty, but it remains unclear if and how PA affects both bone formation and bone resorption. Materials and Methods: We included 191 boys and 158 girls aged 7.7 ± 0.6 (mean ± SD) in a population-based PA intervention study. The intervention group (123 boys and 94 girls) received daily physical educatio

AbstractBackground and purpose: The need for knee replacement revision arises from a combination of patient, prosthesis and surgeon factors. Registry data can help study these relationships. Pooling data from multiple registries may increase both reliability and generalizability. The study aim was to gain a multi-national overview of knee replacement revision, to inform best-practice and improve o

BACKGROUND Exome sequencing in hundreds of thousands of persons may enable the identification of rare protein-coding genetic variants associated with protection from human diseases like liver cirrhosis, providing a strategy for the discovery of new therapeutic targets. METHODS We performed a multistage exome sequencing and genetic association analysis to identify genes in which rare protein-coding

A growing body of evidence suggests that astrocytes play a major role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Given that APOE is primarily expressed in astrocytes, these cells might be an important link between the APOE ϵ4 allele and the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Here, we investigate this hypothesis in vivo by measuring myo-inositol, a metabolite involved in astrocytic f

Aims/hypothesis: Systematic studies on the phenotypic consequences of variants causal of HNF1A-MODY are rare. Our aim was to assess the phenotype of carriers of a single HNF1A variant and genetic and clinical factors affecting the clinical spectrum. Methods: We conducted a family-based multigenerational study by comparing heterozygous carriers of the HNF1A p.(Gly292fs) variant with the non-carrier

In Alzheimer's disease, post-mortem studies have shown that the first cortical site where neurofibrillary tangles appear is the transentorhinal region, a subregion within the medial temporal lobe that largely overlaps with Brodmann area 35, and the entorhinal cortex. Here we used tau-PET imaging to investigate the sequence of tau pathology progression within the human medial temporal lobe and acro

Objective: Fenestrated endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (FEVAR) for juxtarenal aortic aneurysm (jAAA) disease is safe and effective with good short- and mid-term outcomes. The durability issues have mainly focused on the proximal and distal seal and target vessel (TV) instability, and long-term data are scarce. In previous studies, we have reported the short-term outcomes after FEVAR and compar

Background: A novel data-driven classification of type 2 diabetes has been proposed to personalise anti-diabetic treatment according to phenotype. One subgroup, severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), is characterised by mild hyperglycaemia but marked hyperinsulinaemia, and presents an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesised that patients with SIRD could particularly benefit from

Dyslipidaemia is a well-known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), and reducing lipid levels is essential for secondary prevention in management of these high-risk individuals. Dyslip-idaemia is common also in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first line treatment of OSA. However, evidence of a possible lipid-lowering effect of