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Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is central to the long-term management of asthma and is extensively used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While administration via inhalation limits systemic exposure compared with oral or injected corticosteroids and, therefore, the risk of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects, concerns over the long-term safety of

The age at natural menopause (ANM) in the Western world ranges from 40 to 60 years, with an average onset of 51 years. The exact mechanisms underlying the timing of ANM are not completely understood. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The best-established environmental factor affecting ANM is smoking; menopause occurs 1 to 2 years earlier in smokers. In addition to genetic and en

objectives To assess effects of GH replacement therapy on cardiac structure and function, exercise capacity as well as serum lipids in elderly patients with GH deficiency (GHD). patients and methods Thirty-one patients (six females, 25 males), aged 60-79 years (mean 68 years) with GHD on stable cortisone and thyroxine substitution were studied. All men with gonadotropin deficiency had testosteron

Popular Abstract in English Every year, Sweden produces 1.5 million tons of incineration residues from waste to energy plants. Among these residues bottom ash(BA) due to its large volume and good geotechnical quality can be reused as an alternative construction material. However there are some negative environmental impacts of this practice such as leaching of salts and metals to soils and groundw

Many parents perceive the urban environment as hazardous for their children and therefore prescribe and circumscribe young people’s access to the environment (Malone, 2001). Consequently, spontaneous unregulated play in neighbourhood spaces is decreasing as children are primarily encouraged to participate in regulated play environments in their homes, friends houses and commercial facilities. Simu

Ambient fine particulate matter PM2.5 (particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality. It has been shown that biomass burning for heat production purposes can generate large amounts of fine particles. Thus characteristics of particle emissions from biofuel combustion may be important in the assessment of health effects

Since some years ago greenhouse gases and especially carbon dioxide have become one of the most widely debated issues. To reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and nuclear waste, renewable energy sources as for example wind power plants have become very successful. These generation units are normally small compared to common thermal power plants and they are often placed distributed and connected

Skogar tillhandahåller en mångfald av produkter och tjänster som alla är kopplade till vattenresurser. Träd behöver vatten för att växa och samtidigt förändrar träd kvalitén och kvantiteten av avrinningen genom modifiering av vatten- och näringsämneskretsloppet. Förståelsen av samspelet mellan skog och vatten är grundläggande för att kunna utvärdera konsekvenserna av naturlig och antropogen påverkForests provide multiple products and services which are all are linked to water resources. Trees need water to grow and, at the same time, they change the quality and the quantity of runoff by modifying water and nutrient cycling. The understanding of the interactions between forest and water is fundamental to assess the consequences of natural and anthropogenic pressures, such as climate change

Genom att utnyttja generella socialpsykologiska mänskliga sårbarhetsfaktorer kan en gärningsperson manipulera en individ att lämna ifrån sig konfidentiell information. Utnyttjandet av mänsklig kontakt och förtroende i syfte att erhålla information kan företas med hjälp av informationsteknik eller genom en mer traditionell och humanistisk interaktion. Denna typ av utnyttjande benämns som social manBy utilizing general social psychological human vulnerability factors, an offender can manipulate an individual to disclose confidential information. The utilization of human contact and trust for the purpose of obtaining information can be done with the help of information technology or through traditional humanistic interaction. This type of exploitation is referred to as social engineering. The

Uppsatsen behandlar upphovsrättsliga intrång vid streaming. Utredningen sker med utgångspunkt i en rättsdogmatisk och EU-rättslig metod. Den första delen av uppsatsen syftar till att utreda i vilka situationer som en slutanvändares agerande vid streaming kan utgöra ett intrång. Den andra delen syftar till att behandla rättighetsinnehavarens möjligheter att ingripa mot intrång som sker genom streamThis essay investigates copyright infringement caused by streaming. The research is conducted with a legal dogmatic method and a European legal method. The purpose of the first part of this essay is to examine in which situations temporary reproduction of a copyright-protected work by an end-user in the course of streaming give rise to copyright infringement. The second part aims to examine the ri

Konkurrensrätten främjar flera syften, däribland effektiv konkurrens och avtalsfrihet. Vad händer när dessa syften ställs mot varandra? Exempelvis när ett dominant företag väljer att inte leverera en resurs till sina konkurrenter eller andra aktörer på marknaden och den effektiva konkurrensen därför begränsas. Ett sådant beteende kan vara otillåtet, avtalsfriheten till trots. Doktrinen om nödvändiCompetition law promotes several purposes, including that of an effective competition and contractual freedom. What are the consequences when these purposes clash? For example, what happens when a dominant company refuses to supply a certain resource to its competitors with the result of hindering the competition? Such behaviours can be deemed illicit, despite the promotion of contractual freedom.

Purpose: In 2019 Varian EthosTM linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, CA, USA) with integrated artificial intelligence (AI) was installed at Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, enabling online adaptive radiotherapy (oART) e.g for bladder cancer patients with a large margin reduction. The AI utilizes so called influencers for initial delineation of the targets and organs at risks (OAR) usin

För uppkomna personskador har individer som har skadats av läkemedel tre möjligheter till ersättning: via skadeståndslagen, produktansvarslagen eller läkemedelsförsäkringen. Detta innebär att de som har skadats av ett läkemedel har möjligheten att grunda sitt skadeståndsanspråk på tre olika ansvarstyper; culpaansvar, villkorat strikt ansvar, och en ”no-fault-försäkring”. De senare ansvarstyperna hIn case of personal injury, individuals who have been injured by pharmaceuticals have three options for compensation: via the Tort Liability Act (SKL), the Product Liability Act (PAL) or the Pharmaceutical Insurance (LFF). This means that those injured by pharmaceuticals have the opportunity to base their claim for damages on three different types of responsibility grounds; culpability, strict lia

De senaste åren har antalet barn som tvångsomhändertas med stöd av lagen (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga, LVU, ökat kraftigt, och det finns ingen tydlig förklaring till varför denna ökning har skett. Tvångsomhändertaganden med stöd av LVU kan bl.a. bli aktuellt när en person under 20 år har något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende. Rekvisitet är tänkt att täcka in barn som på The last years the number of children subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) increased substantially with no clear explanation. A person under 20 years can be subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act if he or she has a socially destructive behavior. The purpose of the prerequisite is to make sure that children who in other ways than through s