CONTEXT: Perioperative oral carbohydrate intake is beneficial to general surgery patients. Total hip arthroplasty is a common surgical procedure, and even a moderate improvement in patient outcome could have a significant effect on the resources needed for these patients. However, few studies have focused on the effects of carbohydrate intake on orthopaedic patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of th

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To study the heritability and familiality of type 2 diabetes and related quantitative traits in families from the Botnia Study in Finland. METHODS: Heritability estimates for type 2 diabetes adjusted for sex, age and BMI are provided for different age groups of type 2 diabetes and for 34 clinical and metabolic traits in 5,810 individuals from 942 families using a variance compone

Heterocyclic amines (HAs), formed when meat and fish are cooked at high temperatures, have been linked to mammary gland cancer in rats, and some epidemiological studies indicate increased breast cancer risk by consumption of well-done meat. The epidemiological evidence linking HAs per se to breast cancer is however sparse, especially from prospective studies. Moreover, high-fat diets rich in omega

C-peptide in the classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Aim: To report C-peptide results in newly diagnosed patients and the relation to clinical diagnosis of diabetes. Methods: A nation-wide cohort, the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study was used to determine serum C-peptide at diagnosis in 2734 children and adolescents. Clinical data were collected at diagnosis and follow-up. C-pep

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how CEO talk of sustainability in CEO letters evolves in a period of increased expectations from society for companies to increase their transition towards becoming more sustainable and to better account for progress and performance within the sustainability areas.Design/methodology/approachBy adopting an interpretive textual approach, the paper provides a careful

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Koldioxid är en viktig växthusgas. Växthusgaser fungerar som värmeisolerare i atmosfären och höjer temperaturen på jorden så att liv blir möjligt. Koldioxid utgör även en viktig del av fotosyntesen och respirationen hos jordens organismer. Sen början av den industriella revolutionen har halten koldioxid i atmosfären ökat exponentiellt. Utnyttjandet av fossila brCarbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect, which is essential to life on our planet. Furthermore, it plays an important part of the photosynthesis and respiration of the world’s organisms. Since the start of the industrial revolution the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased exponentially. The main source is the extensive burning of fossil fuels. If t

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Övergödningen av våra kustnära hav blev akut under 1980-talet, syrefria bottnar och giftiga algblomningar visade tydligt att något var mycket fel. Kväve, ett näringsämne, visade sig vara en av huvudorsakerna till dessa reaktioner i havet. De största kvävespridarna i Sverige var jordbruk och reningsverk. Avloppsvattenhanteringen behövde förändras och ett sätt att

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Flera olika klimatsimuleringar har visat på en sannolik förändring av jordens klimat, till största delen beroende på utsläpp orsakade av mänsklig aktivitet. Eftersom klimatet påverkar såväl ekosystem som livsmiljö är det av största intresse att kartlägga vilka konsekvenser en eventuell klimatförändring kan få. Även om människans vardag för det mesta påverkas av

A paradigm shift is emerging in higher education especially regarding how universities should address personalized and collaborative mobile learning. Experiences from three international benchmarking-projects through the European Association of Distance teaching Universities (EADTU), the European Centre for Strategic Management of Universities (ESMU) and the First dual mode benchmarking club on qu

Ibis paper deals with various methods of improved cooling of primary water in district heating (DH) substations and evaluates the benefit of an improved cooling from the perspective of the construction of an appropriate customer accounting method. The general benefit of an improved cooling is well-known: Less thermal stresses in pipelines, lowered heat and pumping losses and increased capacity in

The objective of this dissertation is to analyse and discuss the issue of self-organisation from a spatial point of view. The thesis takes its point of departure firstly from the assumption that self-organisation concerns a process through which subjects aspire to become involved in societal development and decision-making from below, and secondly that self-organisation always takes place in a soc

This thesis analyzed the relationship between breastfeeding, nasopharyngeal colonization and acute otitis media (AOM) in children. Nasopharyngeal cultures were collected from 400 children and milk samples from their mothers in connection with the scheduled visits to well baby clinics at 1-3, 4-7 and 8-12 months of age, and episodes of AOM and URI were documented. The nasopharyngeal flora was acqui

Genome-wide significant loci for metformin response in type 2 diabetes reported elsewhere have not been repli-cated in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). To as-sess pharmacogenetic interactions in prediabetes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the DPP. Cox proportional hazards models tested associations with diabetes incidence in the metformin (MET; n = 876) and placebo (P

Objective: This study was undertaken to develop and characterize a multiplex immunoassay for detection of autoantibodies against peptides derived from proteins known to play a role in development of arthritis and that are also expressed in joints. Methods: We selected peptides from the human counterpart of proteins expressed in the joints, based on mouse models that showed these to be targeted by

Introduction: Diffuse peripheral neuropathy is a well-known complication of several conditions, whereas many patients have peripheral neuropathy of unknown etiology and pathophyisology. Increased knowledge of mechanisms may provide insight into enteric neuropathy with gastrointestinal dysmotility. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify mechanisms behind diffuse idiopathic periphe

BACKGROUND: The head-up tilt test (HUT) and other evidence suggest that the vagal effect on the heart decreases with age.OBJECTIVES: The main aim of the study was to assess whether this age effect also affects the rate of asystole in spontaneous reflex syncope (RS).METHOD: We performed an analysis of pooled individual data from 4 studies that recruited patients ≥40 years of age affected by certain

Introduction: In gender-skewed conditions such as Graves’ disease (GD), the outcome naturally becomes dominated by the majority. This may lead to gender-biased misunderstandings regarding treatment outcomes. This especially holds true when complications, such as depression, are unevenly distributed. We have, therefore, studied the long-term outcome of GD from a gender perspective. Materials and Me

Preventing relapse into violence and its destructive consequences among persistent re-offenders is a primary concern in forensic settings. The Risk-Need-Responsivity framework models the best current practice for offender treatment, focused on building skills and changing pro-criminal cognitions. However, treatment effects are often modest, and the forensic context can obstruct the delivery of int