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This study investigates the potential of enhancing regional rail efficiency and reducing emissions through the implementation of dual Electric Traction Machine (ETM) drivetrains. By employing two ETMs, optionally with different specifications and real-time load distribution, the research evaluates the impact on energy savings and battery longevity. The analysis is based on a comparative simulation
OBJECTIVE: During the past few decades, a rapidly increasing incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported from many parts of the world. The change over time has been partly explained by changes in lifestyle causing rapid early growth and weight development. The current study models and analyzes the time trend by age, sex, and birth cohort in an exceptionally large study group.RES
Smart grids are widely promoted as efficient, low-carbon solutions for energy transitions, yet their governance often treats digital infrastructure as immaterial and uniformly beneficial. This obscures the material, temporal, and justice dimensions that shape real-world outcomes. We introduce Circular Grid Governance (CGG), a framework that integrates circular-economy principles, lifecycle thinkin
Public procurement has the potential to serve as a strategic driver for circular economy implementation and urban sustainability transitions. Purpose: This study explores how municipalities incorporate circular requirements into construction project procurement processes. The aim is to identify practical strategies that support circular implementation in construction projects. Methodology: U
This thesis presents a new way of providing library users with reference services, namely chat (text based digital reference service in real time). Our research questions focus on the role of reference service, a comparison of chat reference to other reference forms, and the interest for real-time, digital reference. Our literature review covered the areas of digital reference and reference theory
The employer is obligated to call for negotiation on his own initiative, before he makes decisions in questions, which constitute important changes of the employer’s business or of the worker’s working conditions and terms of employment. The obligation to negotiate is reserved to the organisations, which the employer has collective agreements with. But what does the concept of important changes me
Through a number of rulings from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the past few years a new method for prohibiting abusive behaviour seems to have been established within the European Community. This is in view of the fact that the Court has chosen to acknowledge requests from member states to disqualify claims on Value added tax (VAT) refunds in spite of them being formally legitimate. Perha
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad svenska sånglekar innebär och belysa deras förändrade pedagogiska roll genom historien. Jag frågar mig hur sånglekarnas funktioner ser ut idag och hur de har förändrats över tid. Ett särskilt fokus läggs vid de pedagogiska konsekvenserna av hur man använder, och har använt, dem. En del i studien är att undersöka hur erfarna sånglekspedagoger idag ser på
Psykiskt störda lagöverträdare har ofta inte samma förutsättningar som andra att följa lagen då de kan ha en annan föreställning av, eller en annan förmåga att resonera kring, verkligheten. Det är vår föreställning av verkligheten som ger oss skäl att göra eller att inte göra vissa saker, och vår uppfattning om vilka följder vårt handlande kommer att få, får betydelse för om vi företar handlingen Mentally disordered offenders often do not have the same preconditions as others to follow the law as they may have a different perception of, or a different ability to reason about, reality. It is our perception of reality that gives us reason to do or not do certain things, and our perception of the consequences our actions will have has an impact on whether we undertake them or not. If you have
Den här uppsatsen handlar om förhållandet mellan senmedeltida och tidigmodernt fursteideal. Studien är en komparativ idéanalys mellan den svenska "Konungastyrelsen" och Machiavellis "Fursten". Genom att anlägga politisk kultur som analytiskt redskap visar jag att det finns en idéhistorisk kontinuitet, med vissa brott och förändringar, i det västeuropeiska fursteidealet.
Diskussionen om allmän kameraövervakning i förhållande till personlig integritet når ett djupare plan än de rent faktiska omständigheterna. Att en kamera sitter på husväggen kanske inte stör den förbipasserande just i det ögonblicket. Inte heller stör det kanske att de lokala livsmedelsaffärerna övervakar butikerna med kameror och bevarar materialet en tid. Den som inte har något att dölja behöverThe discussion about video surveillance in relation to privacy does not simply concern the outwardly apparent circumstances. A camera on the wall may not bother the passer by at that very moment, nor surveillance in the local supermarket or the fact that the pictures are saved for a period of time. It may be claimed that those individuals who have nothing to hide have nothing to fear. However, it
The point of departure for this Master’s thesis is twofold. First, the authors notice an apparent shift in focus, from collections towards the audiences, which has affected the international museum sector during the last decades. Second, they notice a change in the discourse concerning the cultural sector towards interpreting issues in economic terms. The development of the British method Generic
Purpose: The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse if there are any significant differences in target shareholder return between friendly and hostile takeover bids on the Scandinavian market. We also intend to investigate the differences between hostile and friendly bid characteristics, and determine to what extent these differences can be explained by; firm relatedness, method of payment, tim
Abstract This rapport contains a comparison between in-situ cast joists and prefab joists. We have looked closely at the aspects that should be taken into account when selecting the method and what should be most efficient economically and timely. The work we have done has been with the guidance of Peab Sverige AB in Linköping. It begins with a basic background and theory in the field. Then we con
