This paper examines the “back-testability” of Expected Shortfall and if different backtesting methods produce similar results, with the aim of illuminating whether various markets have any effect on the methods’ ability to perform. In order to answer this question, the three backtesting methods – Test 1 and Test 2 by Acerbi & Szekely, and the Approximative Quantile Test by Emmer et al. – are i

The notion of politicization in government agencies has been described by many researchers as a threat to our democracy. But what exactly is meant by the term politicization, and how is it understood in the debate? As an attempt to answer this question, a discourse analytical method has been applied. The results show that politicization might not have an axiomatic definition, but rather that the d

Syftet med denna studie har varit att belysa hur guider inom Arbetsmarknadsförvaltningen beskriver deras möte med klienter som uppbär försörjningsstöd. Möten och även relationen mellan socialarbetare och klient är något som i tidigare studier beskrivits som betydelsefull för arbetet, men också som något komplext. I denna studie har vi undersökt hur guiderna resonerar kring beteende, uppträdande ocThe purpose of this study has been to shed light on how guides in the labor market administration describe their meeting with clients who receive financial aid. Meetings and also the relationship between social workers and clients is something that in previous studies has been described as important for the work, but also as something complex. In this study, we have examined how the guides reason

When parties compete in European elections what issue do they prioritize? That is the question this text aims to answer. It does so by focusing on two well established theories of voter behavior, namely issue ownership and issue salience. What complicates matters is that European elections are considered second-order, meaning that they are not considered as important as elections for national parl

This paper examines the use of history on the website This is the Real Spain run by the Spanish nation branding project España Global. With the use of narrative analysis, articles about the history of the country are studied in order to bring clarity to how history is used to legitimize Spain and strengthen its economy. The paper investigates what positive image the country wants to promote about

In a time when environmental changes increase dramatically and get more and more devastating, the question about what creates support for environmental policies which can mitigate these is highly relevant. Can education be a part of the solution? Some studies show that statistically, the support for environmental policies increase significantly with education in social sciences at a higher level.

This thesis attempts to study the linkages between the energy consumption, digitalization and internet expansion. Due to the ongoing global pandemic that served as a natural experiment, studying the potential impacts of telework and digital entertainment on energy consumption has become much easier and more urgent than ever, since both are growing rapidly, and no definitive answers on their impact

Interaktion med naturen, särskilt i städer, är viktig för både fysiskt och psykiskt välbefinnande och har många fördelar. Men i takt med att städer fortsätter att växa och förtätas minskar tillgången till natur i stadsmiljöer. Att maximera stadsgrönskan genom småskaliga gröna element är därför en metod som många städer har använt sig av. Syftet med denna uppsats är att förstå och utforska hur stadInteraction with nature, especially in cities, is important for both physical and mental wellbeing and comes with many benefits. Unfortunately, as cities continue to grow and densify access to nature in urban environments is becoming increasingly difficult to find. Cities have therefore had to turn to methods to maximize urban greenery through small-scale green features. The aim of this thesis is

This study shines new light on how the carolean soldiers collective identity may have been affected by the Great northern war. With the use of social identity theory and by analyzing how the caroleans differentiate themselves from the cosacks and russians it is possible to see if there is a potential shift in their collective identity. Established is that the caroleans had a national identity root

Vad har en simulerad modell av ett fordon och en sportbil med 500 hästkrafter som körs på en frusen sjö i norra Sverige gemensamt? Jo, båda används eller kan användas till att testa den mjukvara som styr BorgWarners fyrhjulsdriftkopplingar. Genom att använda en simulerad bil och specialutvecklade testfall kan mjukvaran testas i alla tänkbara miljöer utan att behöva skeppa runt en riktig bil, även This Master’s thesis investigates if a previously integrated Simulink based vehicle model works for testing and verifying software on an ECU (electronic control unit) used to control a four-wheel drive coupling in cars. The testing is done through a specific program called CANoe that allows the tester to both develop and run test cases. This work also investigates the possibility to use static eva

Firms are investing heavily in adopting and implementing (Robotics Process Automation) RPA, although they lack the ability or understanding to capture the value of such investments. Value is created with the acceptance and usage of a new technology. As a response to limitations in existing IT adoption literature, the study sought to synthesize the often overlapping and complementary constructs of