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Skipping breakfast has been consistently associated with high HbA1c and postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to explore the effect of skipping breakfast on glycemia after a subsequent isocaloric (700 kcal) lunch and dinner.
Emulsions find a variety of applications in for example food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations. In order to obtain emulsions with desired properties it is important to understand how different factors, such as the properties of the emulsifier and the emulsification procedure, impact the final emulsion properties. The studies performed in relation to this thesis have mainly been focused
The development of new, minimally processed food products challenges traditional concepts of food safety. How pathogenic bacteria behave in these new matrices is not known. To fill this knowledge gap and enable the production of food that is safe for the consumer, more information on virulence expression of pathogens in food matrices is required. In this thesis, the impact of environmental factors
Abstract Hydrogen embrittlement is a degradation process of mechanical/tribological properties (toughness, wear etc.) of mating steel surfaces. This is caused by the presence and interaction of hydrogen with applied stresses. Therefore, it is important to quantify the hydrogen content which could be dissolved under applied stresses in steel. Water contamination of lubricants is often considered as
Growth hormone (GH) exerts growth-promoting and metabolic effects in mammals. The metabolic effects of GH in adipose tissue are insulin-antagonistic or insulin-like. Cells that just have been exposed to GH are insensitive to the hormone. This study addresses the question of how GH exerts its insulin-like metabolic effects, using primary rat adipocytes as a model system. It is shown that GH increas
Pigmentation in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus differed between two habitats. Asellus were lighter pigmented in stands of submerged stonewort vegetation, than in nearby reed stands. Moreover, Asellus pigmentation became lighter with time in recently established stonewort stands. Diet or pigment adjustment had minor influence on pigmentation and mating was random with respect to pigmentati
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is a connective tissue disease which, in various ways, influences an individual’s ability to participate in everyday occupations. The general objective of this work was to elucidate the consequences of scleroderma with respect to hand function, everyday occupations and wellbeing, in order to provide a knowledge base suitable for occupational therapy interventions.
In allergic asthma the immune response to antigen is inappropriate, leading to an inflammatory process in the respiratory mucosa. To further elucidate immunological mechanisms involved in the development of such inflammation, control mice and mice deficient in selected cell types or proteins, were used in experimental models of allergic asthma and anaphylaxis. The present study demonstrates that
The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y can be induced to differentiate into a neuronal sympathetic phenotype after treatment with 16 nM 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in serum, or by a combination of the growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I (bFGF/IGF-I). SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with TrkA, the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, dif
Polyelectrolytes are polymers bearing ionisable groups, which, in polar solvents, can dissociate into charged polymer chains (polyelectrolytes) and small counterions. In aqueous solutions, polyelectrolytes interact strongly with other macroions and in particular they tend to associate with objects of opposite charge and form complexes. Nearly all industrial and biological process involves solution
This thesis investigated the effects of eyewitnesses retellings and discussions with non-witnesses on the eyewitness memory and meta-memory judgments. In Study I, the effect of eyewitness discussions with non-witnesses (persons who had not experienced the event) on eyewitness memory and meta-memory realism for the overall information about an event was investigated. The results suggest that discussi
Popular Abstract in Chinese 在世界許多地方蛾類幼蟲是主要的農業害蟲，但也有蛾類養殖業為獲取其絲綢蠶繭，例如家蠶。其實它也是第一個也是最好的研究揮發性有機分子用於傳遞信息的昆蟲研究模型。一般來說是雌蛾釋放信息素通過很長的距離來吸引雄性同類，而且具有出色的靈敏度和特異性。至今有記載的蛾類信息素都屬於同一類化合物(脂肪酸衍生物), 在信息素腺體內合成。信息素的生物合成涉及到脂肪酸的脫飽合，碳鏈縮短，並最終還原，乙酰化或氧化成醛等。這些反應過程中的酶已經進化到具有專一性，專門用於生產複雜的化學信號，使得蛾類的信息素存在豐富的化學多樣性。在本論文中，首先對幾個脫飽和酶進行研究。第一篇文章對冬尺蠖的脫飽合酶進行克隆並在酵母中通過異源表達證明了它具有把順十一,順十四,順十七-二十碳三烯酸轉化成順十一,順十四,順十七,十九-二十碳四烯酸的能力。這是有史以來第一個對甲基端脫飽合酶Moth caterpillars are major agricultural pests in many parts of the world. In general female moths attract male mates with their pheromone over long distance. Most of the described moth pheromones belong to the same class of chemical compounds, fatty acid derivatives that are produced de novo in the pheromone gland. The pheromone biosynthesis involves desaturation, chain-shortening by β-oxidation
Biological markers offer a way of assessing ethanol intake and determining whether a health problem is alcohol related. This study investigated the use of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood as a new marker of alcohol abuse. PEth is an abnormal phospholipid, formed only in the presence of ethanol via the transphosphatidylation reaction of phospholipase D (PLD). A new HPLC-evaporative light scatter
Malaria-like parasites consist of a large group of species that infects primates, rodents, bats, lizard and birds. I have focused on parasites from the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon that are infecting birds. By using molecular methods to identify parasites from avian blood samples, I have found a diversity, based on the cytochrome b gene, that greatly exceeds the diversity prev
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIB genes exhibit extensive allelic polymorphism, most likely maintained by pathogen-mediated balancing selection (PMBS). PMBS may operate in the form of heterozygote advantage (HA), and/or through the interaction of pathogens and specific MHC alleles via fluctuating selection (FS) or negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS). In particular, NFD
