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Group A streptococci (GAS) cause throat and skin infections, severe invasive diseases as well as the non-suppurative complications acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. GAS have retained susceptibility to betalactam drugs, but resistance to alternative antibiotics is of concern. In a large Iranian survey the carrier rates among symptom-free children and those with pharyngotonsillitis were

The causes of hypertension (HT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are mainly unknown, but they arise from interplay between several genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether polymorphisms in putative candidate genes for HT increase the susceptibility to HT and/or T2DM. The DD genotype of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism was associate

Increasing precipitation and surface water temperature due to global change may strengthen stratification in coastal regions, which could influence the behavior of dinoflagellate diel vertical migration (DVM). DVM is a behavioral mechanism by which dinoflagellates can access photosynthetically active radiation near the surface, and nutrients at depth. During this process, cells may need to cross b

Introduction: To understand the function of the genes and their products in the pain system, studies will have to deal with complex issues related to intercellular communication, e.g. plasticity in neuronal networks. To provide a basis for such studies, the present thesis compares basic features of the nociceptive spinal systems including the organization of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWR),

Variability in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters between individuals can be due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this thesis three different areas regarding sources of variability have been investigated. 1. Formulation properties as an extrinsic source of variability. Lipophilic substances often have poor oral bioavailability and high inter- and intraindividual variability. High

This thesis aims to analyse the borderline between private importation and retail sales of alcohol on the EU internal market. This thesis shows that according to the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the definition of private import is a complex assessment that depends on several factors. Among other indicators, it depends on the shipping and logistics procedure. To be classi

Den vanligaste formen för utländska företag att bedriva verksamhet i Sverige är genom ett svenskt aktiebolag. Så har det varit under mycket lång tid men sedan år 1955 finns även möjligheten att bedriva verksamheten genom en svensk filial. Aktiebolagsformen är alltjämt vanligast men filialformen har med åren blivit mer populär. Vid utgången av år 2012 fanns 2 631 filialer registrerade i Sverige. Fi

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is connected with elevated plasma glucose levels which negatively influence β-cells and cause impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The aim of present thesis was to investigate the impact of long-term hyperglycemia on the pancreatic islet β-cell function. The data showed abnormally increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein in th

The increasing prevalence of obesity is a worldwide health problem closely linked to diet and lifestyle factors. Obesity is associated with increased risk of several metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Hence, there is a great need to identify dietary strategies for the prevention of obesity and related diseases. This thesis invest

Abstract Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, but an unbalanced immune system plays a critical role in the disease development. A common theory states that a continuous stress to the vascular vessel wall initiates a repair process that however is insufficient to completely heal the tissue. This imbalance is associated with accumulation of cholesterol, which is an essential component of ce

Mental disorders, especially depression, have been increasingly described as a growing burden to global public health. Critics argue, however, that the use of mental health surveys, underlying these descriptions, tends to overestimate the prevalence of mental disorders by not distinguishing everyday experiences of distress from pathological conditions. This medicalization of public health is belie

Förekomsten av surrogatmoderskap i Sverige ökar, detta trots att Sveriges inställning till surrogatmoderskap alltid har varit avvisande. Den rättsliga regleringen kring assisterad befruktning och fastställande av föräldraskap syftar till stor del till att motverka förekomsten av sådana arrangemang. För att genomgå surrogatmoderskap vänder sig därför svenska personer till utlandet, där metoden är t