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I en strävan efter att göra brottsbekämpningen mer effektiv har miljösanktionsavgifter kommit att bli allt vanligare på miljörättens område. Kravet på effektivitet är inte alltid lätt att förena med kravet på rättssäkerhet. Sanktionsavgifternas framväxt som respons på den ökade brottsligheten riskerar att leda till att tidigare straffrättsliga principer och rättssäkerhetsgarantier utvidgas allt me

I takt med att befolkningen i Sverige har ökat har även behovet av mat blivit större. För att producera mer mat har jordbruket intensifierats och användandet av gödsel och bekämpningsmedel har ökat. Förutom de positiva effekterna med högre skördar har detta även skapat miljöproblem. Ett av dessa är övergödning, som på sommaren orsakar den algblomning man kan se i sjöar och hav. Ett annat problem ä

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease pathology can be accurately identified with blood biomarkers (core 1 biomarkers), including plasma p-tau217 tests. Biomarkers that change longitudinally after diagnosis (core 2 biomarkers) can increase confidence that Alzheimer's disease pathology is contributing to cognitive symptoms. Plasma eMTBR-tau243 reflects tau tangle pathology and is a promising core 2 bioma

This dissertation investigates the possibilities and limitations of time-dependent many-body perturbation theory by studying small Hubbard clusters for which the exact solution is available. The first part of the thesis is comprised of a short introduction to the concepts and methodologies used. The second part consists of an review of the main findings of the thesis and a short summary of four

As the ultimate workhorses of the living things, proteins undergo significant regulatory activity throughout the lifetime of a cell or an organism. Many complex diseases effect the protein composition, expression or modification in the cells or tissues they arise in. It is then no surprise that proteomics is a field full of promise, one which is expected to generate significant insights towards fu

Oxidative stress can cause damage to DNA, proteins and lipids and is associated with inflammation and various human diseases as cancer, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Polyphenol-rich diet, such as fruits and berries, may act as antioxidants and prevent oxidative stress and, thereby, associated diseases. Administration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can affect the microflora in the gastro

The objective was to develop and validate methods for single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT, allowing quantitative physiological and diagnostic studies of lung and heart. A method for correction of variable attenuation in SPECT, based on transmission measurements before administration of an isotope to the subject, was developed and evaluated. A protocol based upon geometrically well de

The Helianthemum oelandicum complex shows considerable morphological variation across its geographic distribution in Europe and western Asia. By combining four primer pairs and four restriction enzymes I identified nine cpDNA haplotypes with distinct geographical distributions. Two haplotypes were most frequent over most of the range; one in western Europe and one in eastern Europe. Moreover, diff

Patients with chronic pancreatitis have an impaired quality of life and are at risk for several long-term complications. It is important to diagnose and treat these patients to minimize the effects of the disease. Clinical manifestations of chronic pancreatitis include a wide range of symptoms and patients are managed differenth between medical centers. In recent years, there have been improvement