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Bacterioplankton respiration (BR) may represent the largest single sink of organic carbon in the biosphere and constitutes an important driver of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from freshwaters. Complete understanding of BR is precluded by the fact that most studies need to assume a respiratory quotient (RQ; mole of CO2 produced per mole of O-2 consumed) to calculate rates of BR. Many

Immunotherapy has shown effectiveness against experimental malignant brain tumors, but the clinical results have been less convincing most likely due to immunosuppression. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) is the key immunosuppressive product of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and increased levels of PGE2 and COX-2 have been shown in several tumor types including brain tumors. In the current study, we report enha

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a promising enzyme for the construction of biofuel cell anodes and biosensors capable of oxidizing aldoses as cellobiose as well as lactose and glucose and with the ability to connect to an electrode through a direct electron transfer mechanism. In the present study, we point out the beneficial effect of a premodification of spectrographic graphite electrodes with

Modeling Parkinson's disease remains a major challenge for preclinical researchers, as existing models fail to reliably recapitulate all of the classic features of the disease, namely, the progressive emergence of a bradykinetic motor syndrome with underlying nigrostriatal alpha-synuclein protein accumulation and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. One limitation of the existing models is that they a

Study Design. Biomechanical analysis of the movement of the lumbar spinal nerve roots (NRs). Objectives. The characteristics of the movement of lumbar spinal NRs corresponding to the change of posture were three-dimensionally analyzed in nonsimulated and simulated adhesion conditions using a porcine model. Summary of Background Data. There is a paucity of data on the movement of NRs. Materials and

The pine sawfly, Diprion jingyuanensis Xiao et Zhang, is a serious pest of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) in the northern parts of China. The general biology of this recently described sawfly species is little known and in the present study we used a synthetic pheromone to monitor its flight period and to evaluate the possibility to use pheromone traps as a tool for estimating and predic

Invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells) are characterized by a semi-invariant TCR comprising an invariant a-chain paired with beta-chains with limited BV gene usage which are specific for complexes of CD1d and glycolipid Ags like a-galactosylceramide (a-GalCer). iNKT cells can be visualized with a-GalCer-loaded CD1d tetramers, and the binding of mouse CD1d tetramers to mouse as well as to human iNKT cell

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) exhibit remarkable ability to differentiate into virtually all somatic tissue types. In this study, we investigated changes in mucin-type O-glycosylation, which have been associated with somatic cell differentiation and cancer. Expression profile of simple mucin-type O-glycans (Tn, sialyl-Tn, T), histo-blood group H and A variants and six polypeptide Ga1NAc-tran

Dynamic models complement existing time series of observations and static critical load calculations by simulating past and future development of chemistry in forest and lake ecosystems. They are used for dynamic assessment of the acidification and to produce target load functions, that describe what combinations of nitrogen and sulfur emission reductions are needed to achieve a chemical or biolog

Objectives: To investigate determinants of joint destruction and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not treated with bisphosphonates or hormone replacement therapy and to evaluate if there are common markers of erosive disease and bone loss. Methods: BMD was measured using dual x ray absorptiometry and joint damage was examined by x ra

Chagasin is a protein produced by Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas' disease. This small protein belongs to a recently defined family of cysteine protease inhibitors. Although resembling well-known inhibitors like the cystatins in size (110 amino acid residues) and function (they all inhibit papain-like (Cl family) proteases), it has a unique amino acid sequence and structure. We

The distribution of sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial chromite grains and other Cr-rich spinels (> 63 mu m) has been studied in Middle Ordovician Orthoceratite Limestone from two quarries at Kinnekulle, southern Sweden. In the Thorsberg quarry, all similar to 3.2 m thick sequence of beds previously shown to be rich in fossil meteorites is also rich in sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial chromite

Affinity proteins were covalently immobilised on silicon microchips with overall dimensions of 13.1 x 3.2 mm, comprising 42 porous flow channels of 235 mum depth and 25 pm width, and used to develop microfluidic immunosensors based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP), catalysing the chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol/p-iodophenol (PIP). Different hydrophilic polymers with long flexible chains (poly

[NiFe] hydrogenases catalyse the reaction H2 <-> 2H(+) + 2e(-). Several states of the enzyme have been observed by spectroscopic methods. Among these, the two most oxidized states, called the unready Ni-A and Ni-SU states, have been especially intriguing, because they take a much longer time to activate than the corresponding ready Ni-B and Ni-SI states. It has recently been suggested that the unr

Background: An allogeneic antitumour effect has been reported for various cancers. We evaluated the experience of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 124 patients from 21 European centres. Patients and methods: Reduced intensity conditioning and peripheral blood stem cells from an HLA-identical sibling (n = 106), a mismatched related (n = 5)

Context: SHBG regulates free sex steroid levels, which in turn regulate skeletal homeostasis. Twin studies have demonstrated that genetic factors largely account for interindividual variation in SHBG levels. Glucuronidated androgen metabolites have been proposed as markers of androgenic activity. Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the SHBG gene promoter [(TAAAA)(n

Abstract in UndeterminedStrategic recollection refers to control processes that allow the retrieval of information that is relevant for a specific situation. These processes can be studied in memory exclusion tasks, which require the retrieval of particular kinds of episodic information. In the current study, we investigated strategic recollection in reality monitoring by event-related potentials