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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a membrane protein group of central importance in the immune system. It is divided into two main classes, class I and class II. The MHCs are highly polymorphic which is believed to be indication of trans-species polymorphism (TSP). There is TSP when an allele is maintained in two species through a speciation event. The songbirds that I study here belon
This report deals with lime modification of clay till. Lime modification means that the compaction properties of the soil are improved by the addition of lime. The report consists of three main parts: 1) Description of the geotechnical properties of clay till and how lime modification affects the properties; 2) Description of the implementation of lime modification and the tests conducted at a con
Although most microplastics (<5 mm in length or diameter, depending on shape) are not visible they can be found everywhere in the environment. The effects can be devastating and much greater than what has been proven so far, as there is a lack of knowledge about the impact, spread and extent of microplastics. The Swedish EPA published a report in June 2017 which reveals a number of major microplas
Although most microplastics (<5 mm in length or diameter, depending on shape) are not visible they can be found everywhere in the environment. The effects can be devastating and much greater than what has been proven so far, as there is a lack of knowledge about the impact, spread and extent of microplastics. The Swedish EPA published a report in June 2017 which reveals a number of major microplas
Depth data and bathymetry maps are used to analyze their association with tides, winds, currents and wave conditions in the port of Talara, at the coast of northern Peru. The objective is to investigate the processes that influence the sediment transport in the port. The sedimentation affects the saltwater pumps for fire fighting, obstructing them from delivering water since their operational wate
The idea of energy efficient, healthy buildings has existed since 1970s. However, a one-dimensional approach for many housing issues does not assure sustainability. Therefore, near the end of the 20th century, the built environment became a focus of attention within the environmental movement with wider focus on building certification schemes and sustainability issues such as interrelationships be
Personuppgifter och användarinformation har länge använts av företag som en grund för att kunna optimera och utveckla tjänster. I takt med internets explosionsartade framväxt har dock denna användning kommit att få ett större kommersiellt värde än någonsin tidigare. Detta på grund av att teknikens utveckling har medfört att allt större delar av vår vardag sker i anslutning till en internetuppkoppl
Malaria is a global health issue affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide and accounts for as much as 405 000 deaths annually. Preventative actions are taken but are seemingly not enough to eradicate the spread. Targeting underlying molecular mechanisms behind the host-seeking behavior of the principal malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, would offer a new approach in the development of an
Att jag intresserar mig för stranden som plats för mitt examensarbete är kanske inte så konstigt. Som vågsurfare har jag tillbringat mycket tid på stranden och ute bland vågorna. Genom surfingen har jag upplevt många olika kuststräckor och vågor på jorden, men just stranden och surfingen i Sverige har fångat mitt intresse. Här är årstidernas förändringar och havets stormar de största utmaningarna,It is not that surprising that I chose the beach as the subject of my thesis. As a surfer, I have spent a lot of time on the beach and among the waves. Through surfing I have experienced a wide variety of coastlines around the world, but the beaches of Sweden have peaked my interest. The changing of the seasons and the ocean´s storms are the biggest challenges here for a surfer, not the size of th
It’s been 34 years ago now since the iron curtain has parted the European continent and its inhabitants in an East and a West. The analysed area for the following thesis on the border between northern Austria and southern Czechia gives a case example of a region, that is still suffering from an era, where one sky-direction has been erased from people’s everyday living and thinking – leaving the bo
The genus Caldicellulosiruptor and especially Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus are gaining attention because of their potential as biohydrogen producers from agricultural and forestry waste on an industrial scale. Genetic and in turn metabolic engineering can be used to aid in the characterization of C. saccharolyticus. Additionally, it can be used in strain improvement to overcome limiting fa
Water chemistry alterations such as acidification and eutrophication represent major threats to the running waters of the world, and Swedish waters are among the most vulnerable. In this study the small forested catchment Storskogen, part of the SWETHRO monitoring network, was analysed to examine the links between deposition, catchment hydrological properties and surface water chemistry. Storskoge
MicroRNAs are small single stranded RNA molecules containing approximately 22 nucleotides and these play an important regulatory role in gene expression. MicroRNAs are found to be involved in several diseases and knowledge about their sequences can be an important tool in the foundation of novel treatment methods against diseases. Today, these small RNA molecules are mainly analyzed with qPCR and
The undrained shear strength is a key parameter in the design process of geotechnical structures. One of the most frequently used methods to investigate this parameter is the cone penetration test (CPT). The CPT does not measure the undrained shear strength directly, but instead the resistance that a conic probe encounters as it is pushed into the ground. A calibration factor, the cone factor (Nkt
The steel industry is a large emitter of carbon dioxide and uses a lot of energy. Because of an increased awareness of the detrimental effects of climate change, research in alternative ways to operate steel plants have been made. It is now possible to build plants with far less emissions by using electrolysis and hydrogen reduction. Electrolysis is a technology with a long historical background t
As a result of 20th-century car-centric planning, many urban districts had emerged designed to serve only one function. Different residential suburbs and trade areas were dispersed scattered within and outside the cities. This has led to more dependence on private cars to meet people’s daily needs. Urban Ergonomics will discuss one type of these areas, the external shopping centers, or the big-bo
In the Formox-process, methanol is converted to formaldehyde via partial oxidation on a heterogeneous iron-molybdate catalyst. To an extent, the formed formaldehyde (FA) is over-oxidized into carbon monoxide (CO) which cannot be recycled into FA. As CO affects the environment negatively and decreases the process economy, internal attempts have previously been made to decrease the CO formation of t
