Penningtvätt utgör ett problem för samhällsekonomin, då det innebär ett hot mot det finansiella systemet om pengar med kriminellt ursprung hamnar i den legala ekonomin. Sveriges skydd för att kriminella tillgångar tvättas i den legala ekonomin har visat sig ineffektivt. Financial Action Task Force on money laundering har påpekat bristerna i svensk rätt och rekommenderat åtgärder då det inte finns If money with illicit origins enters into circulation in the financial system it poses a threat to the mechanisms of the financial system. Financial Action Task Force have concluded that the Swedish legal requirements for combating money laundering is insufficient, and the organisation have advised Swedish authorities to effectuate preventive measures. Therefore, the Swedish legal system is not co

Liten blomma i backen, formad av bondens blod, svett och tårar En bit innan semesterparadiset Smögen, ligger en liten ö med mångårig historia. Här har marken odlats under många hundra år. På sommaren slåttrade man gräset, bar det till höbalar, och korna betade lojt på med utsikt över klipporna och havet. Störningarna var stora på gräsmarkerna, lien skar av växterna och korna betade, för många växWith the gain of productivity in farming the last decades, there has been great loss in species richness. Many plant species that have evolved and adapted alongside to traditional farming and benefiting to the managed land use, are now disappearing in great numbers. Three thirds of Sweden’s endangered plant species are those who thrive in managed grasslands like meadows and grazing areas. The trad

Under de senaste årtiondena har bin, såsom humlor, minskat i både antal arter och populationsmängder. Detta är ett stort problem för vårt samhälle då både jordbruket och naturliga ekosystem till stor del är beroende av dessa pollinatörer. Det är speciellt problematiskt att humlor minskar då de har förmågan att utföra en speciell sorts pollinering (buzz-pollination) som några av våra vanligaste gröThe decline of bees, such as bumblebees, over the last decades raises concerns as they are key pollinators in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. One proposed cause for the decline of wild bees is competition for food resources with managed honeybees. Detrimental effects of competition can result where co-existing species exhibit a high degree of shared resource use (i.e., niche overlap). Th

The Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) was adopted on 12 july and needed to be implemented by the member states on 31 december 2018. The general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) in article 6 is the interest of this thesis. The purpose with the GAAR is to access the arrangements or transactions that try to circumvent the tax legislation. The GAAR should cover gaps and apply to arrangements that are not

Från och med den 1 januari 2020 skärptes straffskalan för sexköp av barn. Syftet med åtgärden var att förstärka det straffrättsliga skyddet för ungdomar mot att dras in i prostitution. Brottet är förknippat med låg åtalsfrekvens. Det har tidigare förklarats med att aktsamhetskravet i förhållande till ålder i 6 kap. 13 § BrB - som täcker flera sexualbrott med åldersgräns - var särskilt svårt att upIn January 2020 the range of punishment for exploitation of a child through the purchase of a sexual act got stricter. The reasoning behind the change was to strengthen the criminal justice protection for these children. Exploitation of a child through the purchase of a sexual act is associated with a low prosecution frequency. An explanation for this has been that the rule of negligence in the si

Ger pressar dig bra vibrationer? Idag är allt från kaffemaskiner och gräsklippare till krutpistoler och bilar uppkopplade och kan närsom-helst ge oss en statusrapport genom bara ett par klick i en app. Vi kan med mobilen kolla bilens bräns-lenivå, geografiska position eller om vi glömt att låsa på väg in från par-keringen. Så varför skulle inte statu-sen på utrustningen som används för att tillveIn a world where the concept of just-in-time has been lifted outside of the manu-facturing world and onto the market, the increasing demand of luxury wares like cars is accompanied only by tougher industrial conditions and no room for error. Loss of productivity and decrease in efficiency can be devastating to any manufac-turing company in today’s market climate. One of the largest causes of these

Extremväder, såsom torkan 2018, förväntas öka i framtiden på grund av den pågående globala uppvärmningen. Detta kommer bland annat påverka världens skogar, vilka är viktiga i klimatsystemet, framför allt på grund av deras förmåga att binda koldioxid, men även deras utsläpp av biogena volatila organiska kolväten. Skogarnas förutsättningar att bidra till klimatsystemet på detta sätt kan dock ändras Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and droughts, are predicted to increase due to global warming, significantly impacting forest ecosystems. These ecosystems play a crucial role in the climate system through carbon sequestration and the emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs), which can form Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs) and thus have a cooling effect on the climate. In

I takt med att världens befolkning växer ökar även mängden genererat hushållsavfall, vilket utgör en betydande påverkan på miljö och samhälle. Under 2018 genererades cirka 2 miljarder ton avfall globalt, en siffra som förväntas stiga till 3,4 miljarder ton till 2050. En stad som på senare år har gjort stora framsteg inom avfallshantering är Rwandas huvudstad Kigali, känd som Afrikas renaste stad. This master’s thesis explores a Waste-to-Energy solution for Kigali, specifically focusing on the Mpazi Rehousing Project. Kigali faces challenges with Solid Waste Management (SWM) despite its reputation for cleanliness and efficient urban planning. It aims to transform biowaste into biogas, contributing to sustainable urban development and reducing waste at Nduba landfill. The research addresses

Sweden became an official member of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (the ‘EPPO’) in July of 2024. Joining the EPPO represents a major change for Swedish procedural criminal proceedings, as the judicial system needs to adapt to the fact that an EU body now has direct authority to take actions related to crimes within Sweden’s jurisdiction. This change is particularly apparent in relation to

When the European Commission’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) was voted through in July 2024, the playing field for companies operating within the European Union (EU) changed. The CSDDD transforms the previously voluntary responsibility to adhere to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into legally binding regulations. Companies subject to the CSDDD are required to perfo

The Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness Collaboration has derived an equation using age and mean blood pressure to estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), which predicted cardiovascular events independently of Systematic COoronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and Framingham Risk Score. The study aim was to investigate the independent association between ePWV and clinical outcomes in 107 599 apparentl

The quantification and characterization of circulating immune cells provide key indicators of human health and disease. To identify the relative effects of environmental and genetic factors on variation in the parameters of innate and adaptive immune cells in homeostatic conditions, we combined standardized flow cytometry of blood leukocytes and genome-wide DNA genotyping of 1,000 healthy, unrelat

Intracranial hemorrhage in a term neonate is a rare event in the absence of an identifiable precipitating factor such as severe thrombocytopenia, mechanical trauma, asphyxia, infections, or congenital vascular malformations. Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of multisystem disorders characterized by the abnormal glycosylation of a number of

Background: Haematopoietic stem cells expressing the CD34 surface marker have been posited as a niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacilli during latent tuberculosis infection. Our aim was to determine whether M tuberculosis complex DNA is detectable in CD34-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from asymptomatic adults living in a setting with a high tuberculosis

We report broadband UBV and/or BVRCIC CCD photometry for a total of 1857 stars in the thick-disk and halo populations of the Galaxy. The majority of our targets were selected as candidate field horizontal-branch or other A-type stars (FHB/ A, N = 576), or candidate low-metallicity stars (N = 1221), from the HK and Hamburg/ESO objective-prism surveys. Similar data for a small number of additional s

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the major pediatric cancer diagnosed in economically developed countries with B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL, accounting for approximately 70% of ALL. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided the first unambiguous evidence for common inherited susceptibility to BCP-ALL, identifying susceptibility loci at 7p12.2, 9p21.3, 10q21.2, and 14q11.2. To

PURPOSE: The first interim analysis of the phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled TITAN study showed that apalutamide significantly improved overall survival (OS) and radiographic progression-free survival in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) receiving ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Herein, we report final efficacy and safety results after unblin

Miljoner människor faller årligen offer för människohandel världen över och efterfrågan på framförallt kvinnor och barns sexuella tjänster är stor. Sverige har en unik lagstiftning mot köp av sexuella tjänster med nära koppling till och avskräckande effekt på människohandelsindustrin. För att möjliggöra mer nyanserade bedömningar, exempelvis i fall där den som erbjuder tjänsten är offer för männisEach year millions of people are victim of human trafficking and the demand for women’s and children's sexual services is particularly high. Sweden has a unique law criminalizing the purchase of sexual services, which is closely linked to the human trafficking industry. On July 1st, the maximum penalty for the purchase of sexual services will be raised to imprisonment for one year. This will a

In addition to their hemostatic role, platelets play a significant role in immunity. Once activated, platelets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by the budding of their cytoplasmic membranes. Because of their heterogeneity, platelet EVs (PEVs) are thought to perform diverse functions. It is unknown, however, whether the proteasome is transferred from platelets to PEVs or whether its func

We present new maps of the Milky Way disk showing the distribution of metallicity ([Fe/H]), α-element abundances ([Mg/Fe]), and stellar age, using a sample of 66,496 red giant stars from the final data release (DR17) of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. We measure radial and vertical gradients, quantify the distribution functions for age and metallicity, and explor