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På grund av att miljöskatter kan användas som ett ekonomiskt styrmedel samtidigt som de även tillskrivs ett fiskalt syfte har användningen av dessa i gröna skatteväxlingar blivit populärt hos den svenska lagstiftaren. Att ersätta förlorade intäkter från inkomstskatt med intäkter från miljöskatter kan dock ibland visa sig vara problematiskt, eftersom miljöskatternas styrande effekt medför att de inEnvironmental taxes are often designed to both shift away demand from goods that have a negative impact on the environment, and to generate tax revenue to the public treasury. This makes them appropriate to use in green tax shifts, where the legislator is able to reduce other taxes, e.g. taxes on income, while still being able to maintain overall tax revenue. A green tax shift can however sometime

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att klargöra och analysera mellanhänders ansvar vid tredje mans upphovsrättsintrång. För att uppfylla syftet har frågeställningen som besvarats i uppsatsen varit vilka förutsättningar som gäller för att ett vitesförbud ska kunna meddelas mot en mellanhand, vid tredje mans upphovsrättsintrång. För att sätta syftet i ett bredare perspektiv har en annan frågeställniThe purpose with this essay has been to clarify and analyze the responsibility of intermediaries whose services are used by a third party to infringe a copywright. The essay has investigated the conditions for an injuction to be issued against a intermediary, whose services are used by a third party to infringe a copywright. To put the purpose in a wider context the essay has also investigated whe

This article is concerned with the tenure track (TT) model, which has become increasingly used to extend the period of early career academics’ probation from one to five years across the EU. This article focuses on the TT in Trinity College Dublin (TCD), the oldest and most prestigious university in Ireland, one where gender equality has been embedded more consistently and where the pace of change

Emerging evidence and clinical practice guidelines have highlighted that obesity, defined as a chronic disease characterised by excess or dysfunctional adipose tissue, may not be accurately measured or understood by solely relying on body mass index (BMI) which is a measure of size not functionality. An alternative to BMI, as proposed in the Canadian Adult Obesity Management Guideline, is the use

To cope with flooding in cities, a combination of well working stormwater system and a resilient city is needed. As the future is uncertain, cities have to be built resilient, meaning that they can be flexible and adaptable, as it is not possible to protect the city from floods totally. Green areas in the city can provide resilience, as water can be led here e.g. during heavy rainfall. In this art

Purpose: The authors present an efficient method for generating anthropomorphic software breast phantoms with high spatial resolution. Employing the same region growing principles as in their previous algorithm for breast anatomy simulation, the present method has been optimized for computational complexity to allow for fast generation of the large number of phantoms required in virtual clinical t

Rymden är så ofattbart stor och vi har ännu inte uppfunnit teknologin för att kunna resa ut till stjärnorna. Det längsta som någon människa har rest ut i vårt universum är till Månen. Stjärnorna som vi ser under stjärnklara nätter finns långt bortom planeterna. Men de är ändå en del av vår egen galax som vi kallar för Vintergatan. Det finns hundratals miljarder galaxer i vårt universum. I denna vi

PURPOSE: To describe a specific cone-rod dystrophy phenotype in a family with the homozygous c.1429G>A; p.Gly477Arg mutation in CRB1. The detailed phenotype of subjects with this specific mutation has not been described previously. METHODS: Clinical examination included full-field electroretinography and high-resolution and widefield retinal imaging and uveitis workup. Molecular genetic analysis i

Despite concerns of the scientific community regarding the adverse effects of human exposure to exogenous man-made chemical substances or mixtures that interfere with normal hormonal balance, the so called “endocrine disruptors (EDs)”, their production has been increased during the last few decades. EDs' extensive use has been implicated in the increasing incidence of male reproductive disorders i

The inhibition of unproductive motor movements is regarded as a fundamental cognitive mechanism. Recently it has been shown that species with large absolute brain size or high numbers of pallial neurons, like great apes and corvids, show the highest performance on a task purportedly measuring this mechanism: the cylinder task. In this task the subject must detour a perpendicularly oriented transpa

Background: Support has been found for using garden therapy as form of intervention for clients with common mental disorders, but no consensus has been found for what contributes to perceived meaningfulness of garden therapy. Aims: To investigate whether participants perceived garden therapy as meaningful, and if so, what contributed to the meaningfulness. Material and methods: Narrative individua

Sex chromosomes have evolved from the same autosomes multiple times across vertebrates, suggesting that selection for recombination suppression has acted repeatedly and independently on certain genetic backgrounds. Here, we perform comparative genomics of a bird clade (larks and their sister lineage; Alaudidae and Panuridae) where multiple autosome-sex chromosome fusions appear to have formed expa

Since the last decade, development efforts by academia and industry for automated driving functions have increased significantly. Also, the European research project AdaptIVe is looking into this topic. Due to the large operation spaces and various complex situations that are covered by these functions, efforts for evaluation increase also significantly. Within AdaptIVe, a comprehensive evaluation

Sweden was historically, and remains, a high-migration country. The chapter considers its experience using the census and population register data that are available for the analysis of migration over long historical periods, assessing their strengths and weaknesses. It then outlines levels of inter-parish moves from 1900 to 2015 as well as moves over shorter distances from the 1970s. The former o

It has previously been shown that infant mortality clusters in a subset of families, a phenomenon which was observed in historical populations as well as contemporary developing countries. A transmission of death clustering across generations has also been shown in Belgium, but it is unknown whether such effects are specific to the studied context or are also found in other areas. The current arti