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In aqueous systems with immobilized macromolecules, including biological tissue, the longitudinal spin relaxation of water protons is primarily induced by exchange-mediated orientational randomization (EMOR) of intra- and intermolecular magnetic dipole-dipole couplings. Starting from the stochastic Liouville equation, we have developed a non-perturbative theory that can describe relaxation by the

Environmental problems, combined with European Union environmental and energy policies shaped to address them, have created pressures for change. Some of these open significant opportunities to renew industries. This report delivers new understanding of the potential of circular economy for sustainable renewal of manufacturing in bio-based industries. With particular focus on novel value chains, i

Channel fabrication technology has become increasingly important for microfluidic and nanofluidic devices. In particular, glass channels have high chemical and physical stability, high optical transparency, and ease of surface modification, so that there is increasing interest in glass microfluidic devices for chemical experiments in microfluidics and nanofluidics. For the fabrication of glass cha

Large-scale gene sequencing studies for complex traits have the potential to identify causal genes with therapeutic implications. We performed gene-based association testing of blood lipid levels with rare (minor allele frequency < 1%) predicted damaging coding variation by using sequence data from >170,000 individuals from multiple ancestries: 97,493 European, 30,025 South Asian, 16,507 African,

Migratory birds must make complex decisions to use wind to their advantage during flight and increasing flight performance is particularly important while crossing ecological barriers. Age-related differences in how birds deal with wind have suggested experience improves necessary skills in gaining positive wind support. However, differences in wind support between age groups over ecological barri

The Council Directive 92/50/EEC of 18 June 1992 relating to the coordination of procedures for the award of public service contracts establishes shared rules and procedures for the award of public service contracts within the internal market. The directive defines the public service contract award criteria, contracting authorities are bound to apply. Purpose of this study is to demonstrate how leg

To reach internationally agreed climate targets, it is especially important to phase out coal-powered electricity generation in favour of low-carbon technologies. Several governments have pledged to phase out coal power. However, coal phase-out is hindered by resistance of negatively affected workers, companies and regional governments. To reduce such resistance and to increase fairness within the

This thesis aims at investigating the interaction between thermal gradients and acoustic fields in microfluidic devices. In the research branch of Acoustofluidics, which bridges together acoustics and fluid dynamics, inhomogeneity in the medium has gained great interest due to the novel physics behind and the potential in manipulating submicrometer particles. Concentration gradients of solute mole