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Ultra-short X-ray pulses are generated by focusing 150 fs laser pulses with an energy of 200 mJ onto metal targets. Focal intensities are expected to reach 1018 WI cm2• An efficient X-ray source has been developed. This X-ray source has been characterised, with an emphasis on photon energies above 10 keV. Measurements of the spectral distribution of X-rays, the overall X-ray yield and the spatial

This work is a continuation of the research recently presented in [1] and [2] on the determination of residual thermal stresses in graphite/polyimide composites with and without externally applied bending loads. In the previous work [1, 2] a combined experimental and numerical methodology for the determination of the residual stresses in unidirectional graphite/PMR-15 composites based on X-ray dif

Low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have shown ordered arrangement of molecules for low coverages up to 1 ML. Evaporation of H2Pc onto HOPG and annealing of the sample to 670 K result in a densely packed structure of the molecules. Arrangements of submonolayer, monolayer, and monolayer

The determination of toxic components from fire gases is difficult because the environment is hot, reactions are often temperature dependent, and a lot of soot may be produced. Due to the different properties of the gas components, a different time-consuming procedure for each species has traditionally been used. The use of FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometers as a continuous monitoring

A core value is characterized by a number of values. To find a distinct definition can be difficult since the values and content differ in meaning for different people. The Swedish Government have lately (2017) however, presented a proposal to strengthen the orientation concerning the Swedish core values in the society orientation for the new citizens (refugees). The essay examines how the Swedis

Trafikverket ansvarar för den svenska järnvägen, även för vägtrafik, sjöfart och luftfart. De planerar byggande, drift och underhåll av de statliga järnvägarna i landet, samt kontrollerar underhållet för ca 14 000 spårkilometer. De 14 000 långa spårkilometrarna behöver kontinuerligt underhåll och enligt Trafikverket använder de ca 6 miljarder för detta ändamål (Trafikverket, 2016). Syftet med rapThe Swedish Transport Administration is responsible for the Swedish railway, also for the road traffic, the shipping traffic and aviation. They are responsible for operating and maintaining the national railways but also, they control the maintenance for 14,000 track kilometers. The 14,000 kilometers long track needs continuous maintenance and according to the Swedish Transport Administration, app