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PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D constitute a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the results are conflicting, perhaps because prostate cancer is a very heterogeneous disease. More recent studies have focused on cancer progression and mortality. Vitamin D is closely related to both calcium metabolism and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and all three fac

Popular Abstract in Swedish Transplantation av nervvävnad till hjärnan är inte en ny idé. Redan 1890, publiserade Thompson de första försöken att transplantera vuxen hjärnvävnad till det vuxna centrala nervsystemet och han rapporterade att vävnaden överlevde i sju veckor "without wholly losing its identity". Trots detta var det först under 1970-talet som metoderna för intracerebral nervcellstransp

In the increasingly global educational enterprise and all that it entails,a number of substantial changes can be traced in what is commonly viewed as education, its goals, its uses and usefulness. Over and above the broardly defined phenomenon of globalisation, the influence of suprantional regimes can be discerned. Supranational regimes have increasingly grown in power and importance, not least a

The aim of this study is to demonstrate and evaluate the current anti-dumping law as formed by the WTO/GATT law (GATT law) and implemented by the EC law against the background of global economic integration. Over centuries, international trade has involved a controversial business behaviour, “dumping”. Roughly speaking, a product is considered to be dumped if it is sold at a lower price abroad tha

The aim of this chapter is to contribute to the knowledge on the organization of work in the textile supply chain on the eve of industrialization. To do this we make a case-study of Herman Krutmeijers Hosiery and textile factory which was active in Malmö between 1768 and 1784. We are especially interested in the role of the spinners and try to answer three specific questions: what did the organiza

Efficient and clean production of electrical and mechanical energy for use in industry, transportation and propulsion is currently a concern. The transition from fossil fuels to biofuels involves challenges related to the fuel composition and combustion, as well as methods to increase engine fuel flexibility. One potentially useful tool under development is Plasma Assisted Combustion (PAC), where

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Det finns en rad lagar och bestämmelser som syftar till att skydda grundvatten mot föroreningar. Bland annat upprättar man i anslutning till vattentäkter skyddsområden där vissa typer av verksamhet inte får förekomma. Grundvattnet har också ett naturligt skydd mot föroreningar som är beroende av markens egenskaper. Föroreningar kan läggas fast eller brytas ned iNatural groundwater protection is favoured by a high content of clay and carbon in the soils, a large unsaturated zone and intermediate values of pH. The protection of the groundwater is improved by defining a protection area around waterworks. Within such areas certain activities that can threaten the quality of the water are limited by law. The borders for the water protection area shall be base

Zirkon (ZrSiO4) och baddeleyit (ZrO2) är två vanliga zirkoniuminnehållande mineral som båda är viktiga för U-Pb-geokronologi. Zirkon är stabilt under kiselmättade förhållanden medan baddeleyit under kiselmättade förhållanden torde reagera med det tillgängliga kislet och bilda zirkon. Trots detta har baddeleyit observerats som interna domäner i zirkon i kiselmättade bergarter från exempelvis sydväs

As almost three out of four EU citizens live in urban areas and this number is expected to further grow, studies on urban ecosystems and their services are crucial to understand a city’s environmental structure and capabilities. The European Commission has published a relative report which suggests an urban ecosystem condition indicator framework, yet without suggesting respective thresholds tha

Shale gas extraction commonly known as fracking had support from the UK government with their ‘all out for shale’ policy. Despite this industry has struggled to establish itself mainly due to strong opposition from communities concerned about environmental and health impacts. Most research into the impacts of fracking is concerned with either environmental degradation or physical health impacts wh

Uppsatsen undersöker den internationella straffrättens förväntningar på ansvarighållandet av företagsledare på individnivå. Vidare utreds huruvida nationell rätt, här svensk rätt i jämförelse med tysk, uppfyller de krav och förväntningar som den internationella straffrätten ställer på nationell reglering. Dessutom syftar uppsatsen till att sätta svensk reglering av medverkansansvar för företagsledThe thesis investigates the expectations of international criminal law on the prosecution of corporate leaders on an international and domestic level for international crimes based on the sources, purposes, and principles guiding international criminal law. Also, this thesis examines whether domestic law, here Swedish, is compliant with the obligations and expectations presented by international c

CityGML is an important standard to present 3D geometry, topology, semantics and appearance that together with 3D city models, which have had increased use within analysis and applications, such as emergency response, energy consumption and occupancy measurement. However, the standard’s querying and integration capabilities can still be further explored. One way to do this is through the Semantic

I svensk rätt gäller som utgångpunkt att medicinska och psykiatriska åtgärder inte får ges utan att patienten har samtyckt till dem. Undantag från denna huvudregel finns, till exempel när tvångsvård ges med stöd av lagen om psykiatrisk tvångsvård (LPT). En utgångspunkt är dock att patienter inom svensk sjukvård ges självbestämmanderätt. I vilken grad minderåriga patienter ska erkännas självbestämIn Swedish law, an important main rule is that medical and psychiatric measures cannot be given without consent from the patient. There are exceptions from this rule, f.ex. when treatment is given involuntary under the Act on Compulsory Psychiatric Care (LPT). But as a main rule, patients in Swedish health care have the right to self-determination. To which degree children shall be given the righ

Uppsatsen behandlar den rättsliga innebörden av sparkar mot huvudet, för att ge en juridiskt relevant helhetsbild. Grundproblematiken som undersöks är huruvida domstolarna kan döma för mordförsök i större utsträckning än vad som sker idag, istället för misshandelsbrott. Problematiken undersöks ur två aspekter av konformitetsprincipen, enligt vilken bara den som kunnat rätta sig efter lagen bör strThis paper covers the legal aspects of kicking to the head, in order to provide a relevant juridical overall picture. The main issue being examined is whether or not the court can convict someone for attempted murder to a greater extent than is the case today, instead of assault. The problem is examined in two aspects of the Swedish principle of conformity, according to which only a person who cou

Uppsatsen undersöker skattetilläggsfrågan i anslutning till en inkomstskatterättslig bedömning av inkomster genom carried interest. Carried interest är en särskild typ av vinstfördelning som kan berättiga till asymmetriska vinster inom riskkapitalstrukturer. För närvarande saknas specifika lagregler i Inkomstskattelagen (1999:1299) som avgör hur dessa inkomster ska beskattas. Skattetillägg är en The thesis examines the issue of tax surcharges in connection with an income tax assessment of carried interest. Carried interest is a specific type of profit-sharing arrangement that can entitle individuals to asymmetric returns within private equity structures. Currently, there are no specfic provisions within the Swedish Income Tax Act (1999:1229) determining how such income should be taxed. A