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Denna uppsats har undersökt konceptet kontraåtgärder inom folkrätten i förhållande till EU:s användning av sanktioner som ett medel för att tvinga efterlevnad av internationella förpliktelser. En kontraåtgärd är en åtgärd som i sig själv är olaglig men blir laglig när den tas som svar på en annans stats olagliga handling. Syftet med kontraåtgärden är att förmå den felande staten att upphöra med siThis thesis has studied the concept of countermeasures in public interna-tional law. I have analysed two cases where the EU has imposed sanctions on States that do not follow their international obligations. A countermeas-ure is a measure that is inherently illegal but may become legal if it is adopted as a response to another State’s unlaw act. The purpose of a coun-termeasure is to induce cessat

Abstract Title: How can ASSA ABLOY develop its M&A analysis with regard to supply chain synergies? Authors: Axel Johnsson and Erik Hellberg Supervisor: Andreas Norrman Examiner: Louise Bildsten Background: Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are majorly conducted with the ambition and endeavour of realizing synergies, thereby enabling the merged corporation to generate greater value compared Supply chain synergy analysis – A framework for operational M&A BY AXEL JOHNSSON & ERIK HELLBERG (May 2025) Potential synergistic effects are crucial to the decision of whether M&A transactions should be completed or not, and could be the difference between a failed and successful deal. This is why the study has produced a framework for comprehensive and accurate supply chain synergy

To fully decarbonise the energy system, electrification is needed as one of the most important strategies for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden and Europe. The deployment of renewable energy resources plays a central role in electrification and will continue to increase. In January 2024, Svenska Kraftnät published a long-term market analysis with four future scenarios regarding the devel

I samband med att företag drabbas av arbetsbrist aktualiseras arbetsgivarens skyldighet att utreda möjligheterna att erbjuda den eller de berörda arbetstagarna omplaceringar till andra befattningar i enlighet med 7 § 2 st. LAS. Denna omplaceringsskyldighet är tvingande oavsett företagets storlek och syftar till att så långt det går undvika friställningar av arbetstagare. Av lagtexten framgår att eWhen companies are suffering from labor shortages, the employer’s obligation to investigate the possibility of offering the affected employee or employees other positions in accordance with section 7 second paragraph is raised. This relocation obligation is mandatory regardless of the size of the company and aims to avoid employee layoffs as far as possible. It is clear from the legal text that a

De kommunala bostadsaktiebolagen, tillsammans med vissa stiftelser, är vad som utgör Sveriges allmännytta och är ett av kommunernas viktigaste verktyg för att främja bostadsmarknaden. Allmännyttan regleras av lagen (SFS 2010:879) om allmännyttiga kommunala bostadsaktiebolag, förkortad Allbolagen. Bolagen ska i allmännyttigt syfte främja bostadsförsörjningen i kommunen genom att erbjuda goda hyresbReal estate companies owned by Swedish municipalities, together with certain foundations, constitute what we call Allmännyttan. Allmännyttan is one of our municipalities’ most important tools for promoting public housing and is regulated by the law, abbreviated Allbolagen (SFS 2010:879). For purposes of public benefits, the municipal real estate companies are obliged to promote housing supply in t

This study has examined the relationship between the increase in consumption of white snus among Generation Z in Sweden and the branding strategies used by the nicotine brand LYFT. The purpose of this research has been to gain an understanding of how a brand can market a regulated product to a young consumer segment by conducting strategic communication prefered by these young individuals. The bac

Detta är en utvärdering av en metod som syftar till att utveckla och effektivisera samverkan mellan myndigheter i en kommun; Gemensamma Individuella Handlingsplaner, GIH. En grupp handläggare från fyra myndigheter har arbetat fram metoden inom ett delprojekt ingående i ett större lokalt samverkansprojekt, FRISAM. Projektet riktar sig till personer med många myndighetskontakter, försörjningsstöd oc

During the last 10 years Sweden's municipalities have changed their eldercare organisation. From a traditional organisation with an executive official of aid who even had the staff responsibility in the execution to a separate or specialized organization where the official only have the exercise of public authority. The evaluators of aid (biståndsbedömare) have the title executive officials (b

For the juice package to protect and keep your juice fresh it is important that the different layers in the packaging material sticks very well together. The ability for two things to stick together is called adhesion. For the people that create juice packages, this is important to measure so that the packages don’t leak. This measurement has turned out to be very tricky, but this study has shown

Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda hur och varför lagstiftarens inställning till och den rättsliga regleringen av bruket av kroppsaga mot barn förändrades under 1900-talet och huruvida denna förändring kan sägas vara en följd av en civiliseringsprocess. De frågeställningar som använts är följande: hur förändrades den rättsliga regleringen av kroppsaga av barn mellan år 1900 och år 1979? Hur föThe purpose of this essay is to study how and why the legislator’s opinion on and the legal regulation of the corporal punishment of children changed during the 20th century as well as examine if it can be explained as a part of a civilizing process. The research questions are as follows: how did the legal regulation of the corporal punishment of children change between 1900 and 1979? How did the

Vid produktion av kallpressad rapsolja bildas en biprodukt, kallad presskaka som för närvarande säljs som djurfoder för en billig peng. Att hitta nya användningsområden för presskakan skulle därför kunna gynna svenska rapsbönder ekonomiskt. Odling av raps är den enskilt största oljefröväxten i Sverige och odlas just för att pressa rapsoljan ur fröna. Rapsoljan anses som en bra fettråvara då den inPress cake is a residual after rapeseed oil production, which is currently sold as animal feed at a relatively low price. In order to raise the value of the press cake and also to obtain non-allergenic food emulsions, it would be beneficial to extract a protein called oleosin from rapeseed. These proteins have been found to have good emulsifying properties. Unlike other sources of emulsifying agen

– Att förstå mänsklig och naturlig påverkan på klimat och luftmiljö Människans energiförbrukning ökar i stadig takt med jordens befolkning och fokus på klimatförändringar gör att efterfrågan på hållbar energi har blivit stor. Ett alternativ till fossila bränslen är de så kallade ”andra generationens biobränslen”. Dessa kan tillverkas av cellulosa från träd och gräs som inte är värdefulla som livsmFourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques were used to study the kinetics of gas-phase reactions of three lactones, γ-valerolactone (GVL), 2(5H)-furanone (2(5HF) and 3-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (3M2(5H)F) with Cl atoms, OH radicals and O3 respectively. The experiments were performed in a photochemical reactor at a total pressure of 700 Torr at room temperature (298±2 K). Both relative rate an

Egyptology in the 19th and early 20th centuries developed simultaneously with increased imperial presence in Egypt by the European imperial powers, which would have influence on how the discipline was practised. The history of Egyptology has for this reason primarily focused on the big four – Great Britain, France, Germany and USA – and on Egypt itself. The aim of this study is to examine how Egyp

Contractors who start building based on incomplete documents will always require many costly solutions. The cost to correct mistakes in the beginning of the project is less than the cost to correct mistakes at the end of the project when the admission takes over. Factors that contribute to these large costs are in the planning stage, when transferring information and lack of communication. CollaboContractors who start building based on incomplete documents will always require many costly solutions. The cost to correct mistakes in the beginning of the project is less than the cost to correct mistakes at the end of the project when the admission takes over. Factors that contribute to these large costs are in the planning stage, when transferring information and lack of communication. Collabo

Denna uppsats är ett examensarbete i juris kandidatprogrammet. Uppsatsen är skriven inom området familjerätt och behandlar problemområdet riskfyllda umgängen där domstolen förordnar om umgängesstöd för att tillvarata barnets rätt till umgänge. Jag kommer i uppsatsen redogöra för hur de rättigheter som ett barn har i förhållande till sina föräldrar ser ut, däribland rätten till umgänge och rätten tThis thesis is written within the field of family law, covering the problematic area of access right where the court decides that supervised access is going to be used in order to obtain the child’s right to meet and have contact with his or her parents. To obtain an adequate general idea about how supervised access is used, I have chosen to explore a) how the intervention is intended to work in S

The increasingly frequent use of forensic evidence in the prosecution of criminal cases should in the long run result in increased analysis of its effectiveness. To date, such analysis has been limited, most probably due to rights of parties to use forensic evidence to support their respective arguments in cases and the rights of the courts to assess and rely on such evidence in criminal cases. Pr

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Kalksten är en av våra viktiga geologiska resurser och har genom historien använts till byggnadsmaterial, jordbruk och inom modern industri. Kalksten i alla dess former har varit en viktig del av människans kulturella och teknologiska utveckling. Ett av alla dess användningsområden är som flussmedel vid bearbetning av järnmalm; bränd kalk tillsätts när malmen smäQuicklime (CaO) is an important geological resource with a wide variety of industrial uses. It is a base chemical produced from the burning of limestone or dolomite. This process is referred to as calcination, during which the limestone is heated to temperatures of 900 °C or higher, resulting in the discharge of CO₂, leaving a yield of quicklime. The formula can be written as follows: Limestone:

International roaming has been a frequently debated subject in the European telecom sector lately. While prices on most other mobile services have been reduced by half during the past few years, roaming charges have remained fairly static since the service was first introduced with the birth of GSM. While generating large profits for Europe’s dominating operators, the situation constitutes a restr

Abstract Title: Public-Private Partnership in Sustainable City Development Authors: Malin Olofsson, Maryna Pouzhyk, Vera Koreneva, and Quinn Ertel Tutor: Stein Kleppestø – Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Lund University Background: E.ON and Malmö have formed a Public-Private Partnership to lead the sustainable city development initiative in Hyllie. The green field de

https://rwi.lu.se/news/moot-court-2023/ - 2026-05-17