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The area of direct taxation is, as a consequence of the limited harmonisation within the EU, an area surrounded by several interests that have appeared to be hard to unite. On one hand the EU Member States have the competence in the area of direct taxation to legislate in conformity with their own political considerations. On the other hand the EU law demands conformity with the freedoms regulated
More than 70% of the population in Ethiopia lack access to electricity and thus rely on traditional sources of energy such as biomass that is associated with negative consequences on health and the environment. Decentralized community-based micro-hydropower plants (MHPs) are being utilized as effective means to transition to modern low-carbon energy systems providing access to electricity to commu
Abstract Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in women worldwide. Inherited or acquired aberrations of genes in DNA damage repair, cell cycle checkpoint, apoptosis, and growth signaling pathways are responsible for the generation of breast cancer. Recently, increasing evidence shows that signaling pathways can be highly interconnected and are interacting with each other rat
Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur familjevåld påverkar bedömningen av barnets bästa i frågor om vårdnad, boende och umgänge. Med våld avses våld riktat mot någon annan i familjen än barnet. Jag har använt mig av tre frågeställningar för att lyfta fram vilken betydelse våldet har för barnet. Den första frågeställningen är mer övergripande och handlar om hur våldet påverkar barnets bästa. DeThe aim of this thesis is to examine how domestic violence affects the decision of what is in the best interest of the child with regards to parental authority judgments. In this thesis the term domestic violence refers to all violence towards another family member except the child himself. The thesis is built upon three questions in order to highlight the impact domestic violence has upon the dec
This thesis consists of an initial environmental investigation of the Sparbanken Öresund. The Bank currently has an environmental policy and ambitions from 2011 but no one has been responsible for implementation of them. In addition, upon my review of the policy and ambition list I found that there were neither measurable objectives nor procedures for how those objectives will be met, thereby crea
Airborne viral diseases have long been neglected but with the recent devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic serving as a catalyst for new science, additional viruses are examined. This thesis investigates the infectivity of Rhinovirus, the virus causing common cold, in differently sized bioaerosols. The experimental setup utilized a bio-aerosol nebulizing generator (BANG) to generate droplets
ABSTRACT Background: In the growing body of knowledge on how human environment impacts population health, the transport sector is observed to occupy strategic position. However, the transport corridors equally serve as sources of socio-economic challenges. Such is the case of the transport sector’s contribution to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In this respect, truckers are observed to carry a disproporti
Since we as architects have an influence on people‘s everyday routines in their homes, it is important to understand the most natural human needs in order to create spaces for a healthy and joyful life, which are strongly connected to the environment. The human body is a complex organism which is strongly influenced by its immediate surroundings, whilst responding with circadian rhythms to the eve
Over the last 40 years, the concept of resilience has made a journey from the fields of ecology and psychology into the social sciences. By now, it has become a term commonly used in the international climate change adaptation and development spheres, describing the ability of an individual or a community to cope with or recover from harmful events. Critics have raised concerns about this spread,
En betydande del av alla offentliga upphandlingar leder till upprättandet av ramavtal. Denna avtalsform anses vara att föredra vid tillfällen då den upphandlande myndigheten har svårighet att på förhand avgöra vilken volym som kommer behövas, vid vilken tidpunkt leveransen ska ske samt vid osäkerhet kring den exakta utformningen av kontraktsföremålet. 2014 godkände Europaparlamentet tre nya direkA considerable part of all public procurements leads to the establishment of a framework agreement. This form of agreement is considered to be preferable at times when the contracting authority has difficulty to determine the volume that will be needed, at which point delivery is to take place and in the case of uncertainty about the exact framing of the subject- matter of the contract. In 2014,
De svenska reglerna om principalansvar trädde i kraft 1972, när en ny skadeståndslag antogs av Riksdagen. Innan denna tidpunkt hade regler om principalansvar utvecklats i rättspraxis, men omfattningen av detta ansvar hade varit väldigt begränsad. I de flesta fall hade en arbetsgivare inte kunnat hållas ansvarig för de skador som hans anställda vållat i tjänsten. När regler om principalansvar intoThe Swedish regulation of vicarious liability entered into force in 1972, when a new Liability for Damages Act was passed by the parliament. Prior to this point in time, a concept of vicarious liability had developed in Swedish case law, but the scope of such liability had been very limited. In most cases, an employer would not have been held responsible for tortious acts caused by his employees i
Förevarande uppsats behandlar de argument och ställningstaganden som ligger bakom lagstiftarens beslut beträffande assisterad befruktning i allmänhet, och surrogatmoderskap i synnerhet. Den alternativa familjebildningen och den assisterade befruktningens historia går långt tillbaka i tiden, men började på allvar regleras på 1980-talet, då inseminationsutredningen grundligt utredde frågan. VariatThe thesis at hand deals with the arguments and positions underlying the legislators decisions concerning Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in general, and surrogate motherhood in particular. The history of alternative ways to start a family, and ART goes far back. However, it only really began to be the subject of regulation in the 1980s, when the government issued an investigation, to thoro
Crystallization of amorphous lactose during storage at high relative humidity and high temperatures has been found to impair the quality of skim milk powders. This is related to the glass transition of lactose. Above a certain temperature (glass transition temperature) amorphous lactose transfers through the rubbery zone into a crystalline state due to increased molecular mobility and as a result
En ny anställningsform som växt fram i digitaliseringens fotspår är arbete som utförs via digitala plattformar. Plattformsarbete är en del av en större pågående strukturell förändring, nämligen flexibiliseringen av arbetsmarknaden. Denna strukturella förändring gör att den nuvarande gränsen mellan arbetstagare och uppdragstagare suddas ut. Begreppet arbetstagare anger gränserna för arbetslagstiftnWork supplied through digital platforms is a new form of employment that has emerged in the course of digitalization. Platform work is part of a bigger ongoing structural shift, namely the flexibilisation of working life. This structural shift blurs out the distinction between an employee and a self-employed worker. The personal scope of Swedish labor law is defined by use of the notion of employe
The Swedish national library has collected nearly all Swedish printed materials for more than three centuries. Regarding digital material, the digital legal deposit act was enacted about nine years ago. According to the law, a selection of digital publications must be sent to the national library for preservation. The Swedish digital legal deposit act has been heavily criticized, mostly because it
Purpose: The purpose of this work is to determine the abundances of neutron-capture elements in solar neighborhood giant stars. This enables constraints to be put on the the cosmic origin of these elements. I have determined abundances of elements produced in both the weak s-process (Cu), the first and second s-process peaks (Y, Zr and La, Ce, Pr, Nd, respectively) and the r-process (Eu, Gd). The
Purpose: Improvements in mortality rate of glioblastoma patients have been limited during the past decades, due to the tumor’s rapidly growing and infiltrative behavior and resistance to current therapy. Recent findings show that higher brain mean dose strongly correlates with inferior overall survival and that local recurrences mainly occur centrally in previously irradiated regions. This project
Tvister som rör vårdnad av barn ger ofta upphov till svåra bedömningsfrågor för domstolarna. Ofta går svaren inte att finna enbart i lagen utan domstolen måste även beakta sociala utredningar. I 6 kap. 2 a § FB framgår att barnets bästa ska vara avgörande för alla beslut om vårdnad, boende och umgänge. I samma paragraf framgår det att barnets kontakt med båda föräldrar ska beaktas i bedömningen avDisputes involving the custody of children often poses complex judicial questions for the court. Often, answers cannot be found only in the law and therefore the court must also take social investigations into account. The law states that the best interests of the child must be decisive for all decisions regarding custody, residence, and visitation. It also states that the child's contact with
Skatteverket har möjlighet att vidta revision i syfte att bl.a. kontrollera om deklarationsskyldighet och annan uppgiftsskyldighet har fullgjorts. Ett beslut om revision fattas av Skatteverket och det kan inte överklagas av den reviderade. Ett överklagande ska i stället avse själva taxeringsfrågan. Domstolen kan även ta ställning i frågor som berör vilka handlingar som ska lämnas ut inom ramen förUnder Swedish law, the Swedish Tax Agency can audit whether companies have fulfilled the general declaration requirement and other disclosure obligations. The decision of the Tax Agency to undertake an audit cannot be appealed. The company subject to the audit can appeal on technical matters related to the audit including whether documents requested by the Tax Agency should be disclosed. The pow
Sammanfattning Sedan den första november 2008 har metoden för framställning av muntlig bevisning i hovrätt ändrats. Med anledning av reformen ”En modernare rättegång” moderniserades rättegången i hovrätten. Moderniseringen innebar bland annat att ljud- och bildupptagning som gjorts i tingsrätten, i regel spelas upp som muntlig bevisning i hovrätten. Nu finns förslag på att den delen av hovrättsförSummary Since November 1st 2008, the method of presenting oral testimonies in the Swedish Court of Appeal has changed. Since the reform “More modern court proceedings” the trials in Court of Appeal have become modernized. The modernization meant, inter alia, that audiovisual recording that have been conducted at the Swedish District Courts are, as a rule, played at the Court of Appeal. The recordi
