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Introduction: Understanding violent criminality and its impact on health and eventually the risk of premature mortality is important for efficient future interventions. This study aimed to explore the effect violent criminality had on premature mortality (i.e., death before the age of 65) among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods: The cohort was created by identifying all Swed
Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) is the most common MRI method in clinical environments for assessment of perfusion-related parameters. In this study, special emphasis was placed on the shape of the tissue residue function under different physiological conditions. DSC-MRI-based parameters assumed to reflect arterial delay and cerebral oxygen extraction were obta
EU countries have committed to taking national measures to reduce the average energy use of residential buildings by 16% by 2030 and 20–22% by 2035. Each country has decided how to achieve this and which buildings to focus on. However, certain categories of residential buildings, including historical buildings but also second homes, may be exempt from these obligations. In Sweden, second homes con
Purpose: Whey protein (WP) consumption prior to a meal curbs appetite and reduces postprandial glucose (PPG) through stimulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion and insulin. Methods: We assessed the metabolic effects of a concentrated WP, using a new micelle-technology (WPM), in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity (NCT04639726). In a randomized-crossover design, participants per
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is related to the aging of somatic cells. We hypothesized that LTL is inversely associated with mortality in elderly men. LTL was measured in 2744 elderly men (mean age 75.5, range 69-81years) included in the prospective population-based MrOS-Sweden study. Mortality data were obtained from national health registers with no loss of follow-up. During the follow-up (me
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a glycoprotein synthesised in the liver. Its main role is to protect lung tissue from destruction by neutrophil elastase. In severe (PiZZ) AAT deficiency, there is an increased risk of emphysema, especially in smokers. The deficiency is caused by the retention and aggregation by polymerization of the AAT molecules in the liver, which increases the risk of neonatal chol
In his recent work, Eco abandons his conventionalist theory of pictures, which was heavily censored by, among others, the present author. In so doing, however, Eco now goes to the other extreme, claiming that television images are like mirrors, which are no signs. It is my contention that Eco fails to come up with a more acceptable theory of iconicity. Since Eco is one of the few semioticians conc
In the discipline of archaeology death has always been a common subject. Graves and dead bodies in different states of decay are important sources of information. This dissertation investigates how our relation to death can be mirrored through some of the better-known individuals from prehistory in Scandinavia. Because of the character of the question at issue I start with three chapters in which
Popular Abstract in Undetermined The transparent wings of tiny parasitic wasps and small flies are remarkably thin, only a few hundreds nanometers thick, and may appear to have a simple structural airfoil design. The thesis deals with new findings about structural color reflections and the ultrastructure of such tiny transparent wings of parasitic wasps. The main discovery is that when seemingly tThe remarkably thin transparent wing membranes in tiny wasps may appear to have a simple structural design, but hide a largely unexplored complex of micro-morphological features that serve aerodynamics and may also function in visual signaling. I found that when such small transparent wings are viewed against a dark background they display vivid structural color patterns due to thin film interfere
The purpose of the study is to offer an interpretation of surrealism as lived experience or, more exactly, an interpretation of the ways in which the Surrealists themselves respond to and conceive of this experience. Thus, emphasis is put on surrealism as event and process, not as a historically limited phenomenon. The prime source of knowledge about this kind of experience, however, remains Surre
Sverige är ett utpräglat småföretagarland och mätt i antal bedrivs en klart övervägande del av företagen som enskild näringsverksamhet. Till skillnad från aktiebolag och andra juridiska personer, som hänför alla inkomster till inkomstslaget näringsverksamhet, ska inkomster eller utgifter för fysiska personer hänföras till endera av inkomstslagen näringsverksamhet, tjänst eller kapital. AvhandlingeSweden is a typical small-business country and, based on the numbers, a clear majority of the companies operate as sole traders. Unlike limited companies and other legal entities, which classify all income as business income, the income or expenditures of private persons are classified as either business, service or capital income. The main objective of this thesis is to systematically examine the
Adult neurons possess the ability to adapt to a changing environment. Loss of target-derived neurotrophic factors due to axotomy or isolation by culturing is known to induce changes in neuropeptide expression in several types of peripheral neurons. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in
Context: When using the Case Method in teaching situations, problem-solving is emphasized and taught, in order to acquire the skills and later be able to apply them in new situations. The basis of the learning process is the students’ own activity in the situation and is built on critical appraisal and discussion. Objectives: To explain what the Case Method is, what it is not and to describe when
Objective: To evaluate how often low 5-min Apgar scores (AS(5-min)) at term are associated with asphyxia. Study design: A cohort- and case-control study, including all 183 term infants with AS(5-min) below 7 born at Lund University Hospital during 1993-2002, antepartum deaths excluded. The control group included 183 randomly selected term newborns with AS(5-min) 9-10. Cardiotocography (CTG) traces
PURPOSE: We review the current epidemiological and genetic knowledge regarding hereditary prostate cancer, and outline its clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published articles on hereditary prostate cancer were identified using the MEDLINE data base. RESULTS: A risk of prostate cancer, particularly early onset disease, is strongly affected by family history (number of relatives with pr
Popular Abstract in Swedish Interaktionen i fyra olika utvecklingssamtal från åldringsvård, industri och skola beskrivs i den här avhandlingen. Till grund ligger kritisk analys av samtalens situationella kontext, organisation och språkliga uttrycksformer. Resultaten jämförs också med hur samtalsdeltagarna själva bedömer interaktionen. Utvecklingsamtalen visar sig inte vara så ömsesidiga som de tiThis dissertation is an investigation into Swedish “utvecklingssamtal”, i.e. a kind of annual, re-curring staff development talk. The investigation consists of four empirical analyses. The first analysis concerns the situational context. The second analysis concerns the structure of the talks, the content and informal organisation. In the third analysis, I have worked quite closely to the theoreti
Increased nitrogen leaching from forest soils is a potential environmental problem in areas with high nitrogen deposition. In Sweden nitrogen is strongly retained in the forests, and high nitrogen leaching is not common from growing forests. However, soil water measurements on clearcuts along a deposition gradient in Sweden showed a positive correlation between increased concentration of inorganic
To determine the impact of a family history of the common form of type 2 diabetes and the phenotype of the proband on anthropometric and metabolic variables in normoglycemic first degree relatives, we studied 2100 first degree relatives of patients with the common form of type 2 diabetes (FH+) and 388 subjects without a family history of diabetes (FH-). All subjects participated in an oral glucose
Popular Abstract in Swedish I samband med 1990 års skattereform förändrades den allmänna inkomstskatten i grunden. Bl.a. infördes skilda skatteskalor för arbetsinkomster och kapitalinkomster. Inkomster som genereras av arbete beskattas progressivt med 45-75 % men avkastning av kapital proportionellt med 30 %. Allokering av inkomst till respektive inkomstkategori har därför stor betydelse i skattesSince the tax reform of 1990 the Swedish tax system separates earned income and capital income. On earned income such as "income from business" taxes and fees leads to a total margin tax burden that vary between 45 and 75 %. This margin effect can be compared to the 30 % proportional income tax on capital income. The allocation of income to earned income or capital income is therefore an important
