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Long-term phenology monitoring has documented numerous examples of changing flowering dates during the last century. A pivotal question is whether these phenological responses are adaptive or not under directionally changing climatic conditions. We use a classic dynamic growth model for annual plants, based on optimal control theory, to find the fitness-maximizing flowering time, defined as the sw

The present study aimed to investigate how the impact of several factors linked to geography would shape life-history traits in a gregarious species, using the pine processionary moth (PPM) Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a model system. PPM has a wide geographical distribution over the Mediterranean Basin, and it is a strictly gregarious species throughout larval development, where the total reproduct

I takt med att världen blir allt mer globaliserad ökar möjligheterna för människor att förflytta sig över gränserna. Emellertid ökar även riskerna för att människor far illa och blir utnyttjade för till exempel människohandel. Människohandel är ett globalt och komplext problem och trots att människohandel kan syfta till att utnyttja människor på olika sätt och för olika ändamål har insatserna hittSweden faces a problem that no one could have predicted a few years ago, which is that people are exploited for forced labour in the West. The purpose of this essay is to make reference to both criminal and labour law in order to describe the regulations, the current practice, and to observe the difficulties in implementation that exist when introducing legislation in the campaign against forced l

Nowadays, multiple antennas are becoming widely used in small mobile terminals as they can significantly improve wireless communication performance in terms of link reliability and spectral efficiency. Also, pattern reconfiguration is another new trend for antenna design as it enables the antennas to adapt to different propagation and user scenarios. However, due to the limited space in the termin

Since the demands for energy efficient buildings becomes higher and higher it is interesting to look at how we use our energy inside the buildings. Approximately 87% of all energy used inside a house is used for heat, a good way to lower our energy use would therefore be to lower the amount of energy needed for heat. Today there are several different types of heating systems, some regarded more en

Vätgas har potential i ett energilagringssystem eftersom det är en energibärare som är väldigt energirik och kan lagras i stor skala. Vätgas kan produceras enkelt via elektrolys av vatten och lagras i stora mängd under högt tryck, vid behov kan vätgasen sedan brännas i en kraftverksprocess och generera elektricitet. Då förbränning av vätgas med syrgas enbart bildar vattenånga kan ett förnybart eneHydrogen gas has potential to function as an energy storage solution due to its high energy content and its suitability for large scale storage. Hydrogen can be produced by water electrolysis and can be stored in large scale under high pressure, when needed the hydrogen can be burned in a thermal power plant to generate electricity. Since combustion of hydrogen with pure oxygen only yields steam,

Damping off and chronic root rot of sugar beet caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides is a major constraint in cultivation of sugar beet, with occurrence of the disease in Sweden being concentrated to specific areas. This study examined soil factors that can be used for risk assessment of Aphanomyces root rot. Soils from 134 field plots were assessed over three years for Aphanomyces root rot potential

We applied a hybrid approach to estimate the benchmark dose (BMD) and the lower 95% confidence limit (BMDL) for cadmium-induced bone effects in a population with low environmental exposure. Morning urine samples were collected by 794 Swedish women, aged 53-64 years, participating in a population-based study We measured urinary cadmium (U-Cd), a marker of long-term exposure, and bone mineral densit

In order to study and evaluate the care provided at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), an accurate model to assess severity of illness and predict patient mortality based on admission data is required. Since 1983, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) based on logistic regression (LR) has become one of the international standards for this purpose and is used in Sweden for adults. While being a

Transistors are used in all digital devices today. The demand of faster and smaller devices such as mobile telephones and computers constantly drives the develop- ment of smaller transistor technologies. Transistors can also be used in analog applications. Today there are commercial chips with both radio and digital sys- tems in the same package. Cellular Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to ma

Kroniska sjukdomar är den största orsaken till funktionsnedsättning och död, och även den största kostnaden för sjukvården. Ett sätt att minska trycket på sjukvården och samtidigt höja livskvalitén för patienter som lider av kroniska sjukdomar, är genom digitalisering av sjukvården. Regeringen har satt ett ambitiöst mål att Sverige ska vara världsledande inom e-hälsa år 2025. För att bidra till deThe leading causes of disability and death worldwide, are chronic diseases. They are also the costliest part of healthcare. One way to ease the pressure on healthcare and improve quality of life for patients suffering from chronic diseases, is by digitising healthcare. The Swedish government has set an ambitious goal of Sweden being the world-leading country in e-health by 2025. To contribute to d

This study looked at a fluorocarbon-free water-repellent treatment on different types of polyester textiles in order to test the durability of the treatment in simulated wear-and-tear tests in collaboration with Thule Group. This research was being done in order to gain a deeper understanding in the strengths and limitations of the C0 Water-Repellent (C0WR) treatment on polyester textiles. The stu

The forest contributes multiple services, among others renewable materials, carbon sequestration, and recreational value. This thesis studied the effects on forestry stemming from the revised Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry regulation. The question is how reduced logging, which is in line with the new regulation, affects social welfare when incorporating the benefits of ecosystem services.

Phytoplankton and zooplankton interactions are vital in regulating nutrient cycles and productivity in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, zooplankton account for the majority of phytoplankton mortality in the ocean. Due to predation pressures, phytoplankton have evolved several defensive traits, many of them being inducible defenses such as toxin production, colony size alterations, swimming behavi

The lignin-inspired derivatives coniferyl aldehyde and sinapyl aldehyde were used to prepare nitrile-containing methacrylate monomers with the aim to synthesize bio-based polymers exhibiting high glass transition temperatures (Tgs). The aldehydes were initially transformed to the corresponding nitriles and then underwent methacrylation before being polymerised by free-radical polymerisation. The h

Detta är en kvalitativ studie, vars syfte är att synliggöra socialarbetares upplevelser av digitala klientmöten. Våra intervjupersoner bestod av fyra frivårdsinspektörer från Frivården och tre socialsekreterare från Socialtjänsten, alla inom utredningsenheten. Intervjupersonernas medverkan har bidragit med kunskap inom forskningsområdet. Resultaten har analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning sThis is a qualitative study; whose purpose is to illuminate the experiences of the social workers within the digital client meetings. Our interviewees consisted of four probation inspectors from the probation service and three social secretaries from the social services, all within the investigation unit. The participation of the interviewees has contributed to knowledge within the research area.