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We report on aryl ether-free 2,7-diphenylfluorene-based copolymers tethered with quinuclidinium (Qui) cations via hexyl spacers, prepared through superacid catalyzed Friedel Crafts polycondensation and quaternization reactions. The 2,7-diphenylfluorene monomers were prepared by Suzuki coupling and employed to increase polymer backbone stiffness. Corresponding copolymers and anion-exchange membrane
An increased risk of malignant melanoma has been observed in men with prostate cancer. To assess potential shared risk factors and confounding factors, we analysed risk of melanoma in men with prostate cancer including information on tumor characteristics and demographics including socioeconomic status. In The Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden, risk of melanoma was assessed in a cohort of men with
The purpose of this studywas to investigate the prognostic value of lactate at admission, 12-h lactate and 12-h lactate clearance for 30-day survival in comatose patients admitted after out of hospi tal cardiac Arrest (OHCA). Although measures of lactate have been successfully implemented in sepsis and trauma care, most OHCA studies are biased due to design and the results are conflicting. This is
BACKGROUND: Pre-treatment with unfractionated heparin is common in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) protocols, but the effect on intracoronary thrombus burden is unknown. We studied the effect of heparin pre-treatment on intracoronary thrombus burden and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow prior to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STEMI.METHODS: T
Objectives. Chest pain is a common complaint in the emergency department (ED), and it is a challenge to identify low-risk chest pain patients eligible for early discharge. We aimed to develop a simple objective decision rule to exclude 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in ED chest pain patients. Design. We analyzed prospectively included patients presenting with chest pain. Low risk patie
Background: Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that can become neurotoxic at elevated levels with negative consequences on neurodevelopment. We have evaluated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Mn transporter genes SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 on Mn concentrations in dentine, a validated biomarker that reflects Mn tissue concentrations early in life. Methods: The study included 1
Objective To evaluate the implementation of automated chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACC-CPR) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Sweden during the years 2011 through 2015. The association between ACC-CPR and 30-day survival was studied as a secondary objective. Methods The Swedish cardiopulmonary resuscitation registry is a prospectively recorded nationwide registry o
Background Although physiology-based assessment of coronary artery stenosis using instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) are established methods of guiding coronary revascularization, its clinical outcome in long-term deferral needs further evaluation, especially with acute coronary syndrome as a clinical presentation. The aim was to evaluate the long-term clinical o
Purpose: To explore pressure-related effects in the adult porcine retina in vitro. Methods: Retinal explants were subjected to 0, 10, 30, or 60 mmHg of pressure for 24 or 48 hours in culture. Overall tissue damage in sections was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase media levels, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and TUNEL staining. Inner retinal neurons were evaluated by protein kinase C alpha (rod bi
Decisions to admit or refuse admission to intensive care for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) can be difficult, due to an uncertainty about prognosis. Few studies have evaluated outcomes after intensive care for AECOPD in patients with chronic respiratory failure requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). In this nationwide observational cohort study, we investigated survival after first-time
Syftet med förevarande arbete är att dels ge läsaren en övergripande bild av vilken typ av stödbevisning som förekommer i sexualbrottmål, dels utreda och ur ett bevisteoretiskt perspektiv analysera vilken typ av sådan bevisning som i dagens domstolar är och utifrån relevanta rättskällor bör vara tillräcklig för att ett åtal ska vara ställt utom rimligt tvivel i ett mål rörande sexualbrott. UppsatsThe intention of this essay is to give the reader an overreaching view of what kind of corroborating evidence that appears in Swedish courts in cases concerning sexual assault and to analyze what kind of such evidence that is sufficient for a prosecution to be proven beyond reasonable doubt in todays courts and according to legal doctrine and relevant sources of law. Furthermore, the essay intents
Under de senaste åren har en ny grupp av unionsmedborgare, de som i uppsatsen definieras som ekonomiskt utsatta, utnyttjat sin fria rörlighet för att resa till och uppehålla sig i Sverige. I och med detta uppkommer nya rättsliga frågor och problem, bland annat vilken rätt till vård som barnen till dessa ekonomiskt utsatta unionsmedborgare har. Barnkonventionen, som blir svensk lag i januari 2020, In recent years a new group of EU citizens, those defined in this essay as economically vulnerable, have used their right to free movement to travel to and reside in Sweden. With this, new legal problems and issues arise, including what right to healthcare the children of these economically vulnerable EU citizens have. The Untied Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child(CRC), which becomes Sw
Syftet med examensarbetet är att analysera möjligheten att tillämpa en generell skatteflyktsregel på en rättshandling som omfattas av ett skatteavtal, utan att en konflikt kan anses uppstå. Anledningen att en konflikt skulle kunna anses uppstå är att skatteavtalet stadgar en viss beskattning och den generella skatteflyktsregeln en annan. Utgångspunkten för analysen i uppsatsen är kommentaren till The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the possibility of applying a general anti-avoidance rule on a transaction covered by a tax treaty without a conflict can be considered to arise. The reason that a conflict could be considered to arise, is that the tax treaty statues a taxation which differs from the taxation statuted by the internal general anti-avoidance rule. The main focus for the analy
Sammanfattning Spridningsrätten ger upphovsrättsinnehavaren en ensamrätt att tillåta eller förbjuda all slags spridning till allmänheten, genom försäljning eller på annat sätt. Rätten att kontrollera spridningen är bunden till fysiska exemplar. Konsumtion av spridningsrätten är en inskränkning av upphovsmannens spridningsrätt och benämns som konsumtionsprincipen. När ett exemplar av ett verk med Abstract The distribution gives the rights-holder an exclusive right to authorise or prohibit any form of distribution to the public by sale or otherwise. The right to control the distribution is tied to tangible objects. Exhaustion of the distribution right limits the rights-holder distribution right and is named the exhaustion principle. When a work with the consent of the right-holder is trans
På ett produktionsföretag som hanterade kvarts i form av sand önskade jag kartlägga vilka kunskaper produktionspersonalen hade om kvartsdamm samt deras skyddsmedvetande på företaget. I kartläggningen ingick att undersöka om personalen hade kunskaper om kvartsdammets egenskaper och hälsorisker och hur man skyddar sig mot dammet på arbetsplatsen genom användning av anvisade andningsskydd och korrekt
SiS särskilda ungdomshem är institutioner där barn och unga i behov av särskild tillsyn placeras, till största del sker detta med stöd av lagen (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga (LVU). Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda i vilken utsträckning rätten till hälsa enligt artikel 24 i Förenta nationernas konvention om barnets rättigheter (barnkonventionen), är uppfylld för flickor med SiS youth homes are institutions which provides compulsory care for young people with psychosocial problems, with legal support usually found in the act (SFS 1990:52) with special provisions on the care of young people (LVU). The purpose of the thesis is to examine whether the right to health as established in art. 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, is respected for girls with men
När en himlakropp med hyperhastighet kolliderar med jorden skapas nedslagskratrar. Nedslags- kratrar ger oss en inblick i hur jordens geologi har blivit påverkad av dessa storskaliga event. När nedslag sker om- vandlas projektilens rörelseenergi till chockvågor som rör sig genom berggrunden och deformerar mineral. Detta fenomen har kommit att kallas för chockmetamorfos. Chockvågen skapar chockm
This study saw the development of an experimental setup capable of generating and measuring optical-field-induced currents in a variety of nanodevices fabricated specifically for this project. Each device design features two metallic contacts, closely separated by about 5 micrometers, deposited onto a semiconductor or insulator substrate. The region between these two contacts is a junction, being Laser Activated Electronics Transistors are often considered the most revolutionary electrical devices of this century, attributed as the building block of all modern technology. It is these tiny devices that control the flow of electrons in all your electronics. In your computer alone, there are hundreds of millions of these transistors, all working together in a complex circuit. Previously, impr
The Swedish household debt has been quite high and increasing for the past 30 years. In this thesis I tried to find the underlying reasons for the development in the long-run by using the Engle-Granger two-step model for co-integration but found that there was no co-integration between the household debt to disposable income ratio and the chosen variables. In the short-run analysis I de-trended al
