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It is shown that the commonly used approximation for the no-loss angle-resolved photocurrent from solids in general violates the optical selection rules if the final-state inverse low-energy electron diffraction orbital is taken to be damped. The violations occur in the velocity formula, which is inconsistent with the corresponding and commonly used acceleration formula in which the matrix element

In 1995, Best et al. published a formula for the exact bit error probability for Viterbi decoding of the rate R=1/2, memory m=1 (2-state) convolutional encoder with generator matrix G(D)=(1 1+D) when used to communicate over the binary symmetric channel. Their method was later extended to the rate R=1/2, memory m=2 (4-state) generator matrix G(D)=(1+D^2 1+D+D^2) by Lentmaier et al. In this paper

Key topics in the study of host–microbe interactions—such as the prevention of drug resistance and the exploitation of beneficial effects of bacteria—would benefit from concerted efforts with both mechanistic and evolutionary approaches. But due to differences in intellectual traditions, insights gained in one field rarely benefit the other. Here, we develop a conceptual and analytical framework f

BACKGROUND: It is still not clear whether anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer affects long-term functional outcome. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate how anastomotic leakage following anterior resection for rectal cancer influences defecatory, urinary, and sexual function. DESIGN: In this retrospective population-based cohort study, patients were identified through

We envision the use of large intelligent surface (LIS) technology, which is a promising concept that goes beyond massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), for positioning applications due to its ability to focus energy in the 3D space. The Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CBLBs) for positioning using a LIS which can resolve amplitude and phase with full resolution have already been determined in the

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:  Capsule endoscopy (CE) has revolutionized small-bowel (SB) investigation. Computational methods can enhance diagnostic yield (DY); however, incorporating machine learning algorithms (MLAs) into CE reading is difficult as large amounts of image annotations are required for training. Current databases lack graphic annotations of pathologies and cannot be used. A novel database,

Different anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) based on polystyrene (PS) carrying benzyltrimethyl ammonium cations are currently developed for use in alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers. However, the stability of these state-of-the-art cations needs to be further improved. Here, we introduce highly alkali-stable mono- and spirocyclic piperidine-based cations onto PS by first performing a supera

Detection of ANCA has become an important tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Unfortunately, a group of sera positive by the standard method for ANCA detection, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), are negative when more specific tests with purified proteins are used. In order to examine this discrepancy we examined groups of sera selected for

Background: Many genera and species of Streptococcus-like bacteria (SLB) can cause infective endocarditis (IE), but little is known about the epidemiology of and the risk factors for IE in SLB-bacteremia. The aim of the study was to analyze this in a cohort of patients with SLB-bacteremia, focusing on Abiotrophia, Aerococcus, Gemella, and Granulicatella. We also evaluated whether published scoring

The saccharification of lignocellulosic materials like Norway spruce is challenging due to the recalcitrant nature of the biomass, and it requires optimized and efficient pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes to make it industrially feasible. In this study, we report successful enzymatic saccharification of sulfite-pulped spruce (Borregaard's BALI™ process) at demonstration scale, achiev

A deprioritization of economic growth in policy making in the rich countries will need to be part of a global effort to re-embed economy and society into planetary boundaries. However, societal support for a degrowth transition remains for the time being moderate, and it is not well understood as yet why this is the case. This article argues that Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology can help theorize socie