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Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda hur definitionen av våldtäkt utvecklats från 1734 till och med 2013. Detta skall förklaras utifrån tre parametrar: personkrets, våld/hot och sexuell handling. Uppsatsens skall försöka svara på hur dessa faktorer har förändrats och varför. Kravet på våld har sänkts genomgående under historien och är nu betydligt lägre än på 1700-talet. Detta beror till stor del pThe purpose of this essay is to study the evolution of the legal definition of rape from 1734 to 2013. This shall be examined using three factors: possible assailants and victims, the need for violence/threat, and the sexual act itself. The essay aims to explain how these parameters have changed and why. The prerequisite of violence has been continually lowered throughout history and is now far b

One way to achieve economies of scale and scope, and other potential advantages of firm size, is through mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Being spectacular business events, and very frequent in the eco-system of firms, it has attracted much interest from both researchers and practitioners. However, empirical reviews do not support the popularity of M&A. It seems that the potential synergie

I denna uppsats undersöks aborträtten i Sverige och Irland samt innebörden av artiklarna 2, 3, 8, 9 och 10 i Europakonventionen i förhållande till aborter. Syftet är att belysa övergripande likheter och skillnader mellan de svenska och de irländska reglerna och att diskutera hur de nationella reglerna kan förändras, för att stärka olika rättigheter och bättre harmoniera med Europakonventionen. DetThis essay investigates abortion law in Sweden and Ireland and the meaning of articles 2, 3, 8, 9 and 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, in relation to abortions. The aim is to illustrate general similarities and differences between Swedish and Irish abortion law and to discuss how the law might be changed in order to strengthen different rights and to increase its harmonisation with t

Hur psykisk störning ska beaktas inom straffrätten utgör idag ett av de mest omdebatterade och svårlösta ämnena i svensk strafflagstiftning. I vår nuvarande lagstiftning kan alla, även psykiskt störda och barn, teoretiskt sett begå brott. Någon åtskillnad görs inte för de psykiskt störda lagöverträdarna i ansvarsledet utan särregleringen ligger uteslutande i påföljdsledet. Så har dock inte alltid How mental disorder should be considered in the criminal justice system is one of the most debated and intractable subjects in Swedish criminal law. Everyone, including mentally disturbed and children, is theoretically capable of committing a crime in our current legislation. No exceptions are made for the mentally disturbed offenders in questions of responsibility. Special regulation lies exclusi

Människor dör dagligen till följd av sjukdom, ålderdom eller olyckshändelser, men hur många dör med anledning av en dödsdom? För några århundranden sedan var detta ett vanligt förekommande fenomen, men i de flesta moderna och civiliserade samhällen idag, är det något otänkbart. Staten har i uppgift att beskydda sina medborgare oavsett deras handlande. Enskildas brottsliga handlingar bör ses i ljusPeople die on a daily basis due to sickness, old age or accidents, but how many die because of a death sentence? A few centuries ago, this was a common phenomenon, however in most modern and civilized societies today, it is something unimaginable. The government has a duty to protect its citizens no matter how they act. The actions of individual criminals should be seen in the light of current cir

We provide evidence that the human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein regulates HPV late gene expression. High levels of E2 caused a read-through at the early polyadenylation signal pAE into the late region of the HPV genome, thereby inducing expression of L1 and L2 mRNAs. This is a conserved property of E2 of both mucosal and cutaneous HPV types. Induction could be reversed by high levels of HPV-16

Falling in old age may have a large impact on daily life. Falls can lead to injuries, reduced mobility and reduced quality of life. The risk of falls increases with age and frailty level. Dizziness is a strong risk factor for falls, and preventing falls and dizziness in older people is essential. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate risk factors for falls or dizziness and to explore o

Vid Sveriges genomförande av direktiv 2001/29/EG av den 22 maj 2001 om harmonisering av vissa aspekter av upphovsrätt och närstående rättigheter i informationssamhället (Infosoc-direktivet) år 2005 infördes begreppet överföring till allmänheten i 2 § 3 st. 1 p. i lagen (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk (URL). I denna uppsats utreds innebörden av detta begrepp. Under When Sweden implemented directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (the copyright directive) the term communication to the public was introduced in sec. 2(3)(i) of the Swedish Copyright Act (1960:729). The meaning of this term will be determined in this paper.

Our everyday appliances ranging from toys to vehicles, as well as the equipment used to manufacture them, contain an increasing number of embedded computers. Embedded software often implement functionality that is crucial for the operation of the device, resulting in a variety of timing requirements and resource utilization constraints to be fulfilled. Industrial competition and the ever increasin

The thesis presents the author s research on numerical methods for Com-putational Aeroacoustics and the development of computational tools with direct applicability in industry. The designers in the gas-turbine industry, require accurate methods for predicting the onset and the frequencies of dangerous (pressure) oscillations, like the ones which typically occur in Lean Premixed Pre-vaporized (LPP

Vi är utsatta för reklam för olika produkter dagligen. Reklamen lockar, den påverkar och uppmuntarar oss att införskaffa den marknadsförda produkten. Ett speciellt område är reklamen av alkoholhaltiga drycker, vilket varit föremål för stor debatt i samhället. Det har utförts ett antal studier som visar på sambandet mellan alkoholreklam och alkoholkomsumtion. Då alkoholreklamen kan uppmuntra till kWe are exposed to advertising on a daily basis. Advertising attracks, influences and encourages us to purchase the advertised product. Alcohol advertising is a special area of advertising that has been subject to much debate. Numerous studies have been done showing the link between alcohol advertising and the consumption of alcohol. Since alcohol advertising can encourage alcohol consumption there

The aim of this study was to evaluate a central service for the monitoring of supplier compliance with Code of Conduct for social and ethical performance that the Sub-Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SKI) in Sweden provides for several Swedish municipalities. The evaluation has been carried out via combination of two approaches: a)A survey of participating municipalities’ thoughts an

This essay aims to investigate how the Municipality of Ängelholm interprets the concept of sustainable development in the planning process of a new urban area called Stationsområdet and if said area will contribute to the sustainable development of the municipality. The study answers these questions by analyzing documents associated to the planning process of Stationsområdet and conducting intervi

This thesis consists of an introduction and four self-contained chapters that address issues of how organizations and institutions should be designed in order to provide adequate incentives and enable coordination. The first essay uses a multi-task principal-agent model to examine two reasons why coordination problems are common when public sector organizations share responsibilities: the incenti

The project “ETT-Modular system for timber transport” investigates the possibilities of making logging shipments more effective, decrease their fuel consumption and road wear without compromising traffic safety. As part of this project a timber vehi-cle, the ETT-vehicle, that pulls four piles of timber, is 30 metres long, and has a gross combination weight of 90 tons, is tested on a distance betwe

This thesis explores how ecological themes are represented through local and global perspectives in Juliana Spahr’s ecopoetry, Mikael Kristersson’s Ljusår (2008), and Jiuliang Wang’s documentary Plastic China (2016). By applying ecocritical theory with a focus on glocalization and interconnectedness, the study examines how local environments become metaphors for global ecological crises. Spahr’s

This report aims to investigate the possibilities to implement a high temperature heat pump at a Dow facility in Landskrona. By implementing a heat pump, waste heat from the production can be recovered and reused in the process. The question at issue is whether there will be enough energy available when needed due to an intermittent process, and if a heat pump will be feasible to implement. To inv

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, industries have gained a thrust on contactless processing for computing technologies and industrial automation. Cloud of Things (CoT) is one of the emerging computing technologies for such applications. CoT combines the most emerging cloud computing and the Internet of Things. The development in industrial automation made them highly interdependent because the cloud c