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Early Campanian mosasaurs (Reptilia; Mosasauridae) from the Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden

Popular Abstract in Swedish Familjen Mosasauridae omfattar en grupp storvuxna (3-13 m), vattenlevande reptiler som under ett geologiskt sett kort tidsavsnitt i kritperioden, om ca 25 miljoner år, snabbt tog över positionen som topp-predatorer i haven. Fossil av mosasaurier dyker först upp i lager avsatta för ca 90 miljoner år sedan. Under de följande årmiljonerna fick gruppen en närmast global utbMarine strata of latest early Campanian age (sensu germanico) in the Kristianstad Basin, Skåne (Scania), southern Sweden, have yielded a diverse mosasaur fauna comprising six to eight taxa, including Tylosaurus ivoensis, Clidastes propython, Hainosaurus minor n. sp., Halisaurus sternbergii, Platecarpus cf. somenensis, Platecarpus? sp., Dollosaurus sp., and possibly yet another mosasaurine or halis

Risk factors for bone fragility and fracture in postmenopausal women

Popular Abstract in Swedish Benskörhet (osteoporos) är ett tillstånd som definieras av låg benmassa och ökar med stigande ålder. Osteoporos är idag en av de stora folksjukdomarna och man räknar med att en tiondel av alla män och en fjärdedel av alla kvinnor i Sverige drabbas. Tillståndet är i sig symptomfritt men ökar risken att råka ut för ett benbrott (fraktur) redan vid lättare fall. Frakturer The aim of this thesis was to evaluate risk factors for bone fragility and fractures in postmenopausal women in a long-term perspective. The study period spanned from the age of 48 to age 82 and is thus unique in its length. The studied sample was homogeneous and consisted of 390 north European women from a population-based cohort. At the start of the study, general health and lifestyle parameters

Protective Immunity in Atherosclerosis

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hjärt- kärlsjukdomar är den vanligaste dödsorsaken i Sverige. Den bakomliggande orsaken till de allra flesta fall av hjärt- kärlsjukdom är vad som i vardagligt tal kallas åderförkalkning. Den medicinska termen för åderförkalkning är ateroskleros. Ateroskleros är en inflammatorisk sjukdom i artärerna som orsakas av att LDL-partiklar, det så kallade onda kolesterolet, ansThe immune system is a promising target for novel therapies that are aiming at reducing cardiovascular diseases. Autoimmune responses against modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) are believed to promote development of atherosclerosis. Proinflammatory immune responses can be counterbalanced by immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Immunizations of hypercholesterolemic mice with oxidized L

Influence of lifestyle behaviours on bone mineral density among young healthy women: A two-year study. A Tentative Salutary Model.

The overall aim of this prospective observational study with a salutogenic approach was to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) and BMD changes in the heel bone, in a group of healthy women, in relation to physiological factors and lifestyle behaviours over a two-year period as well as investigating the women’s view of their lifestyle behaviours. Data were collected in 1999 (T1) and 2001 (T2). H

Problems of language and communication in children; Identification and intervention

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen handlar om språk- och kommunikationsproblem hos barn. Den består av fyra studier, varav de två första behandlar frågan om hur och när sådana svårigheter kan identifieras och de två följande om hur man kan stödja och stimulera barn med språkstörning inom ramen för dels naturliga, och dels professionella samtalskontexter. Syftet i studie I var att undersöka This thesis addresses identification and intervention of language and communication problems in children. The issue of identification is addressed in study I by investigating communicative ability in 18-month-old children, and in study II by exploring the prevalence of language and communication problems in children with complex problems, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Th

To Have and to Hold: Continuity and change in property rights institutions governing water resources among the Meru of Tanzania and the BaKgatla in Botswana; 1925-2000

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diskussionen tar sin utgångspunkt i den klyfta som finns mellan, å ena sidan, stora delar av forsknings- och policy-världen och, å andra sidan, den verklighet som författaren stött på ute på den afrikanska landsbygden. Forskningsvärlden ser vattenresurser som en rent ekonomisk tillgång och småskaliga bönder beskrivs såsom vinstmaximerande individer, medan verkligheten äAllocation, control, and management of natural resources are issues that absorb researchers within both the social and natural sciences. This study deals with such research questions as well as with one of the most fundamental issues in Economic History – namely institutional change. The plot is set around continuity and change of property rights institutions governing water resources. The setting

Sorting and processing of neutrophil granule proteins

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sortering av bakteriedödande proteiner till behållarna i vita blodkroppar Vita blodkroppar har en livsviktig roll i det medfödda immunförsvaret som fagocyter, bakterieätare. Denna funktion, första linjens försvar, utövas av neutrofila granulocyter (neutrofiler), en speciell slags vita blodkroppar som är specialiserade på bakterieätning (fagocytos). När bakterier angripThe neutrophil granulocytes have a critical role in innate immunity in particular through phagocytosis of microorganisms. Their cytoplasmic granule subsets store digestive enzymes and antibiotic proteins that are released during this event. During the passage in the secretory pathway the granule proteins are retrieved from constitutive secretion to become sorted for storage. The aim of this thesis

On the Role of the Tumor Suppressor p53 in Leukemic Cell Differentiation

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den cancerskyddande genen p53 är av betydelse för att göra leukemiceller friska. Blodbildning. Blodceller är nödvändiga för vårt välbefinnande och vår överlevnad. Det finns flera olika typer med egna specialiserade funktioner. Så krävs t. ex. röda blodkroppar för syresättning och vita blodkroppar för att bekämpa infektioner. Blodcellerna har begränsad överlevnad; när Leukemic cells suffer from an impaired ability to differentiate due to inherited or acquired genetic lesions. These genetic changes can sometimes be bypassed with various compounds both in vitro, and, more rarely, in vivo, thus inducing terminal differentiation of the leukemic cells. Differentiation of both leukemic and normal hematopoietic cells is believed to be intimately coupled to cell cycle

Polarization portraits of lightharvesting antennas: from single molecule spectroscopy to imaging

Popular Abstract in English Plants, algae and some bacteria are able to harvest solar energy to run chemical reactions by a complex process known as photosynthesis. Crucial molecules in this process are the so-called light-harvesting antennas. These antennas contain large amounts of pigments, such as chlorophyll, that are used for solar light absorption. Moreover, these pigments are also involved Multichromophoric systems are very important in photosynthesis and any device that uses solar energy for its operation. This is because multichromophoric light-harvesting antennas are responsible for the absorption of light and the efficient transfer of the absorbed energy toward distinct places where it is to be used or stored. Over the last 10 years polarization sensitive single molecule methods

Acceptance and Cognitive Restructuring : Analyses and comparisons from an emotion regulation perspective

En central del i de flesta psykoterapeutiska inriktningar utgörs av hur man ser på emotioner samt vilka konsekvenser olika sätt att förhålla sig till eller reglera emotionerna får: Ur ett psykoanalytiskt perspektiv ses primitiva och rigida försvarsmekanismer riktade mot omedvetna affekter, drifter och impulser, som en viktig bidragande faktor till utvecklandet av psykiska besvär (Weiner & BornThe general aim of the present thesis was to further our understanding of cognitive restructuring and acceptance, both as concepts and as psychological processes related to emotion regulation. In doing this, concepts and processes related to cognitive restructuring and acceptance were examined in four different studies using different designs and methodologies. The main purpose of Study I was to

Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: P fimbriae, Innate Host Response and Bacteremia

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common human infections, and febrile UTI with bacteremia the most severe form. The relation between bacteria and host decides disease severity. The dominating uropathogen is Escherichia coli (E. coli). P fimbriae are the virulence factor of E. coli most clearly associated to severe disease. P fimbriated E. coli predominated in bacteremic febrile UT

Ethanol from Sugarcane Lignocellulosic Residues - Opportunities for Process Improvement and Production Cost Reduction

Popular Abstract in English Modern society is still largely based on fossil resources. However, there are growing concerns about the security and cost of these resources, as well as climate change resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels. Biofuels represent renewable fuels with the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of fossil fuels, providing a more sustainable alternative. The transpBioethanol from sugarcane is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, and the increasing demand for fuel ethanol has prompted studies on the use of the lignocellulosic residues of sugarcane, namely bagasse and leaves, as new feedstock. This thesis describes various process designs and the economic feasibility of producing second generation (2G) ethanol from bagasse and leaves via the enzymatic r

Regulation of survival and proliferation of human intestinal epithelial cells by leukotriene D4.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Inflammation is a protective response against injury or infection (the invading microbes or their toxins) with the aim being the removal of causal agent followed by the repair process. Without inflammation, infections would go unchecked and wounds would not heal. However, inflammation is like a double-edged sword. Though it is mainly a protective response, some times, iThe pro-inflammatory mediator, Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) is a product of arachidonic acid cascade and has been implicated in asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Prolonged inflammatory conditions like ulcerative colitis increases the risk for the development of cancer and the factors that induce the chronic immune response remain uncertain. In this context, in the present study, we examined if expo

The lower and middle Cambrian of Sweden: trilobites, biostratigraphy and intercontinental correlation

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kambrium är ett tidsavsnitt av jordens historia som spänner från ca 542 till 488 miljoner år sedan. Under denna tid utvecklades livet, främst djur, i en rasande takt genom något som brukar kallas den kambriska explosionen, en ekologisk förändring utan dess like. Bland de nya livsformer som fick de kambriska haven att koka av liv märks skalbärande djur som små armfotingaThis thesis is based on studies of Cambrian successions in Sweden, with particular focus on the middle Cambrian biostratigraphy and its correlative relationship to the proposed global agnostoid zonation. The investigated material, mainly trilobites, was collected from both outcrops and drill cores from five provinces in Sweden: Skåne (Scania), Öland, Västergötland, Jämtland and Lapland. The Almba

V1 Declaratives in Spoken Swedish : Syntax, Information Structure, and Prosodic Pattern

Popular Abstract in Swedish Svenskan är ett s.k. V2-språk, dvs. det tempusböjda verbet står på andra plats i en deklarativ sats (en påståendesats) oavsett vilken typ av led som står i satsens första position. V1-ordföljd, där det tempusböjda verbet alltså står först i satsen, förknippas normalt med interrogativa satser (frågesatser) av typen ja/nej-frågor, t.ex. "Kommer du på fredag?". Icke desto The topic of the present thesis is V1 declaratives in spoken Swedish. Such constructions constitute an interesting object for research due to the fact that Swedish is a V2 language where V1 word order is grammaticalized for yes/no questions. Hitherto we have lacked a thorough study of the phenomenon. Therefore this thesis aims at investigating V1 declaratives in spoken Swedish from different point

Rhinomanometry in clinical use. A tool in the septoplasty decision making process.

Popular Abstract in Undetermined Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning på svenska Nästäppa, som betyder svårigheter att andas med näsan är ett vanligt symtom i befolkningen, och en vanlig orsak till att patienter söker vård. Kronisk nästäppa är ett frekvent symtom (ca 40 % av vuxna) som ofta medför mun-andning med torra slemhinnor i munhåla och svalg samt snarkning till följd. Nässkiljeväggen, septSubjective nasal obstruction is a common chronic complaint caused by mucosal disease, skeletal abnormality or a combination of both. The challenge is to determine the main cause and to decide whether the intervention should be medical or surgical. Diagnosis is done by a combination of rhinoscopy, subjective and objective assessments of nasal obstruction. Rhinomanometry measures the nasal airway re

Persons who attempt suicide - social characteristics, social network and significant others

Popular Abstract in Swedish Självmord och självmordsförsök orsakar mycket lidande för många människor i vårt samhälle. I Sverige begår ungefär 1800 personer självmord varje år. De flesta av dessa personer hade vid tiden för självmordet en psykisk sjukdom. Man har funnit att åtminstone hälften av dessa personer hade en depressionssjukdom, minst en fjärdedel hade alkoholproblem och c:a 5% led av schA suicide attempt is one of the most powerful predictors of eventual suicide. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the social situation, including social support of suicide attempters. One part of the investigations concerned patients admitted to a psychiatric ward following a suicide attempt. Another part concerned significant others (SOs) of suicide attempters, interviewed directly after th

Molecular Mechanism of Growth Hormone - Involvement of Janus Kinase 2, Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and -2 and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase In the Acute Insulin-Like Effects of Growth Hormone In Primary Rat Adipocytes

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kroppens viktigaste hormon för längdtillväxt har följdriktigt kallats tillväxthormon (GH efter engelskans growth hormone). GH produceras i hypofysen som är en liten körtel belägen på hjärnans undersida, och utsöndras härifrån till blodbanan och når på så sätt kroppens olika organ, vävnader och celler. Vikten av normal tillförsel av GH illustreras av att överskott på GH Originally studying the molecular mechanisms for the insulin-like effects of growth hormone (GH), lipogenesis and antilipolysis, in isolated rat adipocytes we found that the GH receptor (GHR) was tyrosine phosphorylated in response to GH in cells that were responsive to these effects. Then, as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) was described as a GH-stimulated and GHR-associated tyrosine kinase, we found that

The prey perspective - behaviour and appearance in a world of predators

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den enorma variationen av beteenden och utseenden som återfinns i djurriket har i alla år fascinerat och länge förbryllat biologer. Rovdjurens skoningslösa utgallring är en av de stora drivkrafterna bakom evolutionen av alla dessa karaktärsdrag. Rovdjuren är såklart även en viktig strukturerande kraft i sötvattensmiljöer och har där lett till utvecklingen av mängder av The varieties of prey phenotypes that have been revealed in nature are vast and many of these phenotypes are the result of the selective force that predators have had on prey traits in the past. Even within species and populations we see variations due to both differences in the selection forces they live under but also due to individual trait variation. In this thesis I investigate both the direc

Avian thermoregulation across age and seasons

Vilda djur påverkas ständigt av omgivningens temperatur som, tillsammans med ytterligare faktorer, styr många av de mönster och beteenden vi ser hos djur i naturen. Förändringar i temperatur kan till exempel påverka hur populationer och individer rör sig över tid och rum, när de väljer att fortplanta sig samt hur mycket föda som finns att tillgå. För jämnvarma djur, fåglar och däggdjur, som producAnimals constantly need to relate to prevailing environmental conditions and regulate their body temperature accordingly. Body temperature regulation in birds and mammals is inherently linked to energy expenditure and, thus, thermoregulation is a physiological mechanism that could trade-off with other costly processes, with potential long-term fitness consequences. In this thesis, I studied ecolog