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When China occupied Tibet in 1950 in order to "liberate" Tibet from its "economic backwardness" of feudal and religious traditions, the effects were devastating. Tibetans were dispatched to labour camps, monks and nuns were executed or imprisoned, thousands of monasteries and temples were destroyed and communist propaganda was forced upon the Tibetan people. Tens of thousands f
Derived from theories of hard- and soft power, sanctions and constructive engagement, the thesis analyses the effect and interplay of targeted sanctions and political dialogue, by highlighting the political strategies that the EU conducts towards Zimbabwe. Based on semi-structured interviews with six influential officials in the EU, the thesis explains and describes the tensions of the foreign pol
Plant size is a major predictor of ecological functioning. We tested the hypothesis that feeding damage to plants increases with plant size, as the conspicuousness of large plants makes resource finding and colonisation easier. Further, large plants can be attractive to herbivores, as they offer greater amounts and ranges of resources and niches, but direct evidence from experiments testing size e
A method is suggested to calculate improved entropies within the MM/PBSA approach (molecular mechanics combined with Poisson-Boltzmann and surface area calculations) to estimate protein-ligand binding affinities. In the conventional approach, the protein is truncated outside ~8 A from the ligand. This system is freely minimised using a distance-dependent dielectric constant (to simulate the remove
We present an efficient model for the simulation of polycrystalline materials, particularly accounting for the interactions of solid to solid phase-transformations and plasticity. The underlying one-dimensional model is embedded into amicro-sphere formulation in order to simulate three-dimensional boundary value problems. Representative numerical examples are provided for both the micro-level and
Baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) encoding valuable new information on hadron structure appear as building blocks in the collinear factorized description for several types of hard exclusive reactions. In this paper, we address the possibility of accessing nucleon-to-pion (pi N) TDAs from (p) over barp -> e(+)e(-)pi(0) reaction with the future PANDA detector at the FAIR faci
This article offers an actionable framework for dealing with trust violations in R&D partnerships: it explains how to turn around a conflicted R&D partnership, repair trust, and learn from the experience. As innovation becomes more open, firms increasingly find themselves involved in R&D collaborations with suppliers, customers or even competitors. Trust plays a fundamental role in suc
There is growing awareness and international commitment to improving sexual and reproductive health for persons with intellectual disabilities. Despite this, people with intellectual disabilities continue to face stigma and have limited access to sexual health education and information. This qualitative phenomenological study uses data from 10 interviews to describe what it means to teach sexual a
Aktuell status för dagvattenhantering i grannstäderna Köpenhamn och Malmö studerades med avseende på befintliga åtgärder och genomförda systemen i de båda städerna. Tillämpning av blå-gröna lösningar i de yttre delarna av Malmö började på 1990-talet och följaktligen är samarbete mellan olika avdelningar inom kommunen mer strukturerat i Malmö medan processen i Köpenhamn fortfarande är baserad på trThe current status of storm-water management in the neighbor cities of Copenhagen and Malmö was studied with respect to present measures and the implemented systems in both cities. Application of blue-green solutions in the outer parts of Malmö started in the 1990s; hence collaboration between different departments in the municipality is more structured in the city of Malmö while in Copenhagen the
Background & aims Patients with a hip fracture often have a poor nutritional status that is associated with increased risk of complications, morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an improved care intervention in relation to nutritional status and pressure ulcers. An intervention of best practices for patients with hip fracture was introduced, using t
Aims: To determine quantitative exposure-response relations between work with highly elevated arms and supraspinatus tendinitis, shoulder pain with disability, and shoulder pain without disability. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a historical cohort of 1886 males from three occupational groups. Exposure measurements were performed for four consecutive working days in a random sam
The Pythia event generator is used in several contexts to study hadron and lepton interactions, notably p p and p p ¯ collisions. In this article we extend the hadronic modelling to encompass the collision of a wide range of hadrons h with either a proton or a neutron, or with a simplified model of nuclear matter. To this end we model hp total and partial cross sections as a function of energy, an
The decomposition of nonlinear output feedback control into an observer and a state feedback control is an open problem. A solution for dynamic positioning of ships has been proposed by Fossen and Grøvlen (1998) and Grøvlen and Fossen (1996), where an observer-based backstepping method is used.The suggested observer design in Fossen and Grøvlen (1998) and Grøvlen and Fossen (1996) does not cover u
We use ultrafast x-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the solvent structure change upon laser abstraction of the electron from I. The transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic occurs over 4 ps during which a transient I-OH2 species is formed.
In the modelling of fibre-reinforced composites, it is well established to consider the fibre direction in the stored energy in order to account for the transverse isotropy of the overall material, induced by a single family of fibres. However, this approach does not include any length scale and therefore lacks in the prediction of size effects that may occur from the fibre diameter or spacing. By
This paper presents a solution to the saturation problem in cascade control schemes. When cascade control approaches work in linear mode without saturation influence, important improvements can be achieved in industrial control loops. The effect of disturbances and/or nonlinear actuator behaviours on the main process variables can be considerably reduced. However, when saturation arises in the inn
We address the non-convex optimisation problem of finding a sparse matrix on the Stiefel manifold (matrices with mutually orthogonal columns of unit length) that maximises (or minimises) a quadratic objective function. Optimisation problems on the Stiefel manifold occur for example in spectral relaxations of various combinatorial problems, such as graph matching, clustering, or permutation synchro
This paper is concerned with the feasibility of the power flow in DC power grids with constant power loads. We introduce the notion of distance to infeasibility as a voltage stability index and robustness measure for power flow feasibility. In particular, we study the p-norm distance to infeasibility in the domain of the constant power loads, and show how this distance may be expressed as a mathem
Background: The tumoricidal complex alpha1-oleate targets bladder cancer cells, triggering rapid, apoptosis-like tumor cell death. Clinical effects of alpha1-oleate were recently observed in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), using a randomized, placebo-controlled study protocol. Aims: To investigate if there are dose-dependent effects of alpha1-oleate. Materials and Methods
