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Objective: To investigate the causal role of cardiometabolic risk factors in osteoarthritis (OA) using associated genetic variants. Methods: We studied 27,691 adults from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) and replicated novel findings among 376,435 adults from the UK Biobank. Trait-specific polygenic risk scores for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

Within the field of tourism information search behaviour, this research aims at exploring the proposed concept of ‘planned serendipity’ and its connection with smartphone use for tourism information search. Although studies on smartphone and tourism have flourished in the past few years, research on information needs and how these needs exist in relation to smartphones is lacking. Moreover, there

Bread dough was studied in relation to three Andean grain flours, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) and canahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule), as partial replacements for wheat flour with the perspectives of dough and breadmaking. This thesis deals with the understanding of both dough as a complex system, consisting of various water-filled polymers, and dough as a viscoelast

Background: Screening that includes digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with two-dimensional (2D) synthetic mammography (SM) or standard 2D digital mammography (DM) results in detection of more breast cancers than does screening with DM alone. A decrease in interval breast cancer rates is anticipated but is not reported. Purpose: To compare rates and characteristics of (a) interval breast cancer in

Abstract Noroviruses are now the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Noroviruses are effectively transmitted due to a low infectious dose, viral shedding in high concentrations, environmental stability, and they induce only a limited immunity after infection. Especially, the norovirus variants of genotype II.4 (GII.4) have seemed greatly adapted for pandemic spread. The high infectivity of

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Current treatment supports coping strategies to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The need to predict response to treatment has been raised to personalise care. This study aims to examine change in HRQoL from baseline to three and nine months follow-up after participating in a Supported Osteoarthritis Self-Managem

Background and Objectives: There is considerable heterogeneity in the association between increasing β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology and early cognitive dysfunction in preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). At this stage, some individuals show no signs of cognitive dysfunction, while others show clear signs of decline. The factors explaining this heterogeneity are particularly important for understanding pr

Objective: To facilitate a greater likelihood of favorable response to new disease-modifying therapies, recruitment of patients at an earlier stage of their disease into clinical trials may be an attractive strategy. Hence, there is a need to develop widely accepted classification criteria for early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). We have proposed a set of classification criteria for early-stage k

Background: Frontline nurses have been directly exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and come in close contact with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses execute tasks related to disease control and face multiple psychosocial challenges in their frontline work, potentially affecting their mental well-being and ability to satisfyingly perform their tasks.Objectives: To explore the psychosocial e

IMPORTANCE Fluid overload occurring as a consequence of overly aggressive fluid resuscitation may adversely affect outcome in hemodynamically unstable critically ill patients. Therefore, following the initial fluid resuscitation, it is important to identify which patients will benefit from further fluid administration. OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of fluid responsiveness in hemodynamically uns

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited retinal degenerative diseases characterized by the loss of photoreceptors and vision for which no effective treatment is available. Several animal models of retinitis pigmentosa are used to elucidate its pathogenesis and to devise therapies. The retinal degeneration (rd1) mouse is one such animal model in which rod-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) is in

The effect of the procedural variability in image acquisition on the quantitative assessment of bone scan is unknown. Here, we have developed and performed preanalytical studies to assess the impact of the variability in scanning speed and in vendor-specific γ-camera on reproducibility and accuracy of the automated bone scan index (BSI). Methods: Two separate preanalytical studies were performed:

Importance: Although tramadol is increasingly used to manage chronic noncancer pain, few safety studies have compared it with other opioids. Objective: To assess the associations of tramadol, compared with codeine, with mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes as used in outpatient settings. Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective, population-based, propensity score-matched cohort st

Importance: Supplementing preterm infants with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) has been inconsistent in reducing the severity and incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Furthermore, few studies have measured the long-term serum lipid levels after supplementation. Objective: To assess whether ROP severity is associated with serum levels of LC-PUFA, especially docosahexaenoi

Background: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture results in an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) at an early age. Before clinical signs become apparent, the OA process has already been initiated. Therefore, it is important to look at the cascade of changes, such as the activity of cytokines and proteases, which might be associated with the later development of OA. Purpos

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Studies of electron FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) in companion animals are being conducted at several institutions. High energy electron beams are generally suitable for treatment of superficial cancers, but of limited use for deep-seated tumors. In this case report, the feasibility of intracavitary electron FLASH-RT is demonstrated.MATERIALS/METHODS: A canine cancer patient

Background: Colorectal cancer screening programmes and uptake vary substantially across Europe. We aimed to compare changes over time in colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distribution in relation to colorectal cancer screening implementation in European countries. Methods: Data from nearly 3·1 million patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed from 2000 onwards (up to 2016 for most

Background: Acute occlusion of renal bridging stent grafts after fenestrated/branched endovascular aortic repair (F/B-EVAR) is an acknowledged complication with high morbidity that often results in chronic dialysis dependence. The feasibility and effect of timely or late (≥6 hours of ischemia) renal artery revascularization has not been adequately reported. Methods: We performed a retrospective, m

Importance: Circulating levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are important in the course of brain injury in adults, but longitudinal postnatal circulating levels in preterm infants have not been investigated. Objectives: To examine postnatal longitudinal serum levels of NfL and GFAP in preterm infants during the first 15 weeks of life and to explore possib

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in young adults has been implicated with a worse outcome. Analyses of genomic traits associated with age have been heterogenous, likely because of an incomplete accounting for underlying molecular subtypes. We aimed to resolve whether triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in younger versus older patients represent similar or different molecular diseases in the context of g