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An attempt was made at developing atomic layer etching from a cyclic etching process in an ICP-RIE tool. During the process OES was used for contamination monitoring and estimation of the relative amount of Cl2 left in the chamber during the etch step of cyclic etching processes. The process parameters were then optimized resulting in a quasi-ALE process suitable for pattern transfer as shown by t
The European Union (EU) taxonomy regulation marked a milestone in the sustainable finance agenda. The taxonomy aims to accelerate the mobilisation of public and private finance to support the transition to a net-zero economy. The EU’s taxonomy regulation established a classification system of environmentally sustainable economic activities to provide financiers clarity on what to consider a sustai
The purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibilities of minimising waste generation in the healthcare institutions in Kaliningrad, Russia. In order to meet this purpose the following research question is investigated: what kind of drivers are enforcing and which barriers are hindering waste minimization in the healthcare sector in Kaliningrad? The research carried out among public and priva
The number of situations where both people and nature are harmed by human activities are increasing in the same pace as mankind is augmenting its control and so called 'development' of the Earth. Although previously much debated, we have passed the stage when protecting human rights and preserving the environment were seen as conflicting interests. Instead we have reached the conclusion th
The growing energy prices and energy consumption caused the interest about buildings with low energy consumption such as Passive house. Energy demand in households accounts for around one forth of the final energy needs in the EU (Intelligent Energy Europe 2006), and it is a potential for energy demand reduction. At the same time, environment protection with a reduction of CO2 emissions nowadays i
Recent work by Nissen and Schuster have found two distinct populations of halo stars with -1<5 alpha [Fe/H] -0<5. Both populations are kinematically selected to be halo stars. The differences between the two groups are the alpha -elemental abundances and the [Na/Fe] and [Ni/Fe] ratios. From angular momentum space, we can see that the majority of these stars do not show any extreme kinematic indica
Novel materials in microfluidics can enable innovative applications, price reductions, higher efficiency, and increased availability. In this thesis, I examine polymer materials for acoustofluidic applications, and find several functioning, and promising, materials and designs. Microfluidics involves manipulating small volumes of fluids for novel applications, and acoustofluidics describes the ap
In this project the concept of digital power was examined. Though not a new phenomena, the concept was new to Micropower. The company develops a wide array of battery chargers and wanted to include this concept in future generations of their products. The reasoning behind the decision is the possibilities of smoother development, better error handling and more communication. As a first step differ
The development seen within industrial automation in recent years enables the emergence of manufacturing sites that utilise technology for improved productivity, quality and safety. Increased communication demands introduced by Industry 4.0 have motivated the development of cloud-fog automation; a technique characterised by wireless communication between lower levels of the automation pyramid. Spe
Technical development often precedes scientific breakthrough but can also pose new challenges to the scientific community. This is the case for Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP), where recent breakthroughs allow for collecting multi-plex spatial proteomic/transcriptomic data from tissue and it is prophesied a promising future in cancer research. A challenge, however, is handling its output data with
I höst kommer rymdobservatoriet Gaia att sändas upp. Ett av dess mål är att mätapositionen av stjärnor med väldigt hög noggrannhet, denna positionsbestämning kallas astrometri. Gaias noggrannhet är såpass bra att det kommer bli möjligt att även mäta hur planeter när de färdas i sina banor runt stjärnor påverkar positionen av stjärnan. Astrometri kan inte ge en fullständig bild av hur planeten rörContext: The Gaia satellite will be provide astrometry with micro-arcsecond accuracy. This will allow for the determination of the orbital elements of exoplanets with measurable astrometric signature. Astrometry alone is not be able to disentangle an ambiguity in the orientation of planetary orbits, just as radial velocity is only able to give the mass of orbiting planets combined with multiplicat
Globalization has increased in recent decades, resulting in structural changes of production and labor demand. This paper examines how the increased global engagement of firms affects the structure of the workforce. We find that the aggregate distribution of occupations in Sweden has become more skilled between 1997 and 2013. Moreover, firms with a high degree of international orientation have a r
A combination of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) impregnation of pyrrole and sonochemical transformation of permanganate (KMnO4) was used to impart conductive and catalytic properties to silk fibers. The results indicated that the conductivity (from polypyrrole –PPy) and catalytic activities (from manganese dioxide –MnO2) were independent and complementary within the processing parameters use
The mode of enquiry in African economic history has changed quite radically in recent years. In 1987, Patrick Manning surveyed practices and databases in African economic history and compared empirical strategies of scholars who studied the African past. Current practice, which A. G. Hopkins called “new African economic history,” incorporates econometric methods. The specific methods chosen and th
Semiconductor nanowires are widely considered as promising candidates for next generations of electronics and optoelectronics. Gold seed particles have so far been recognized as the most important catalyst for growth of nanowires. Costs related to substrates, lithography processes and gold consumption most strongly influence the final cost of nanowire-based devices. An optimum gold deposition proc
