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Daylight plays a major role in making atrium spaces appealing to building users. This appeal is also evident in the spaces adjoining the atrium. A key component of atrium daylighting, especially in tall atria, is the daylight reflected on to the atrium walls. This study examines the impacts of well geometries and different diffuse reflectance distributions of walls on variations of vertical intern
As with mosquitoes, female tabanid flies search for mammalian hosts by visual and olfactory cues, because they require a blood meal before being able to produce and lay eggs. Polarotactic tabanid flies find striped or spotted patterns with intensity and/or polarisation modulation visually less attractive than homogeneous white, brown or black targets. Thus, this reduced optical attractiveness to t
The increasing demand for solid biofuels, such as logging residue fuels, has highlighted the importance of considering that, in contrast to fossil fuels, biofuels are produced in dynamic ecosystems. The environmental effects of changes in management policy, whether positive and negative, are not obvious. For example, calculations of the carbon budget in single forest stands show that the carbon ba
Lekmannamedverkan i domstol är ett gammalt fenomen i både Sverige och Danmark. En lekman är en person som sitter med och dömer i domstolarna jämte juristdomarna. Inflytandet hos dessa har både ökat och minskat över tid och varierar även beroende på vilken typ av lekmannadomare man talar om. Denna uppsats undersöker lekdomare i ett historiskt och nutida perspektiv och förklarar hur de olika systemeLay judges in courts is an old phenomenon in both Sweden and Denmark. A layman is someone who judges court cases in coalition with ordinary judges. The significance of lay judges has both increased and decreased over time and varies depending on the time period and type of lay judge of relevance in the discussion. This essay examines lay judges in a historical and current perspective and explains
Debts among individuals and households in Sweden have increased over the years. Although statistics from the Swedish Enforcement Authority show that the total number of people registered with excessive debts has declined for the third year in a row, the total amount of debt of those individuals and households who are already overindebted on other hand continues to increase. Moreover, debtors regis
The aim of this study is to generate a multichannel segmentation model for high involvement products and to compare it to the widely spread demographic segmentation. In addition, the study also aims to identify demographic and psychographic profiles to provide a rich descriptive picture of the new customer segments. The study combines the literature of the multichannel and segmentation fields. Mor
Summary Problems arising in contractual relationships appear to be a common occurrence in most contractual relationships. This can either be due to the facts which the parties have not foreseen at the conclusion of the contract, or a result of a development of events differently from what the parties have expected. To be able to take into account all possible relevant circumstances at the conclus
Invasive species are currently one of the main causes of biodiversity loss across the globe and recent research has shown that the personality of an invader can have significant impacts on the invasion dynamics for that species. Therefore, this study examined the impact of personality on both competitive success and predation susceptibility of the highly invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus
Language and gesture are two semiotic systems that work together in close integration during communication. One issue in particular, that of image schemas, has been studied in relation to gestures, though most often in adult gesture and communication (Williams, forthcoming; Cienki, 2013; Mittelberg, 2006, 2018). This contrasts with mimetic schemas, which are thought to be more specific structures
Situated in Geneva, Switzerland, the Large Hadron Collider is largest particle accelerator in the world, and as such, its operation carries with it some of the greatest technical challenges ever faced. Among them are the huge demands put on data storage capacity by experiments in particle physics, both in terms of rate and volume of data. Several systems are employed to manage and reduce the flow
The advancement of CMOS technology has been fueled by the need to satisfy Moore’s law by shrinking transistors to progressively smaller sizes and increasing the transistor density per unit area [1]. The dimension of the state-of-the-art MOSFET is now down to a few nanometers. However, with continued device scaling, the performance of Integrated Chips (ICs) starts to deteriorate, making it essentia
The present study discusses and evaluates a novel continuous-time approach to network centrality, a fundamental concept in network analysis. Static methods based on discrete snapshots or time slices for measuring node interaction in networks that change over time do not fully capture the dynamical nature of network evolution. To address this issue, a dynamical system model driven by the continuous
Detta arbete har haft till syfte att besvara frågan om hur en apptillverkare ska hantera momsen när apparna säljs på marknaden inom EU. Frågan har besvarats genom en utredning om vad moms är. Även frågan om vilken stat som har rätt att få moms har utretts. Moms är en indirekt skatt vilket betyder att någon annan är skattskyldig för skatten än den som ska bära dess kostnader. Detta har lösts så attThe purpose of this paper is to investigate and clarify how an app manufacturer should handle VAT regarding apps sold to users within the EU. By investigating what VAT is, and deciding which state has the right to receive VAT for each product sold, I will show how VAT should be handled in different situations. VAT is an indirect tax, which means that someone else than the person who is to bear its
Background. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of B-cell lymphomas. Five clinical adverse risk factors are merged into the International Prognostic Index (IPI), which is the major tool for prognostication. In contrast to Hodgkin's lymphoma, gender is not considered as an adverse risk factor for DLBCL patients. As we clinically had observed a very good survival rate in y
Objective: To assess the longitudinal stability of biomarker-based molecular endotypes of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) participants from APPROACH and to evaluate the consistency of findings in an independent KOA population. Methods: Nineteen biomarkers were measured longitudinally in 295 KOA participants from the APPROACH cohort. K-means clustering was used to identify the structural damage, inflamma
A two-level three-factor factorial design experiment was conducted to study the influences of three critical specimen preparation parameters on the measurement results of bitumen by a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The investigated factors were (1) the pre-heating temperature (HT) for manufacturing the specimen, (2) the bonding temperature (BT) onto the rheometer, and (3) the trimming (Trim) opera
Lagging fires, also known as insulation fires, pose significant risks in the process industry, arising from the self-heating of leaked combustible liquids within insulation materials. These fires typically initiate through oxidation, leading to smouldering that can escalate into larger fires or serve as ignition sources for other flammable materials. Statistics from the Swedish Contingency Agency
Bone strength is a major contributor to fracture risk. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used as a surrogate for bone strength in fracture risk prediction. 3D finite element (FE) models predict bone strength better than aBMD but need 3D computed tomography and are not automated. We have earlier developed a method to automatically reconstruct
During later years coaching has gained popularity. Coaching offers help to learn rather than to teach and enables optimal performance. The method that builds consciousness, strengthens choices and leads to change in the wanted direction, can deduce to some of history's most successful educationalists. A coaching area steadily increasing is business- and executive coaching. The overall purpose
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, accounting. Recent findings highlight the need for better characterisation of the arrhythmia in each patient, in order to improve patient treatment. The main objective of this work was to characterise atrial electrophysiology with respect to AF by means of non-invasively obtained data. Spectra
