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Objective: Women with active sunlight exposure habits experience a lower mortality rate than women who avoid sun exposure; however, they are at an increased risk of skin cancer. We aimed to explore the differences in main causes of death according to sun exposure. Methods: We assessed the differences in sun exposure as a risk factor for all-cause mortality in a competing risk scenario for 29 518 S
Summary Background In Sweden, the most common causes of liver cirrhosis are alcohol overconsumption and hepatitis C. However, recent data on the clinical characteristics of Swedish patients with cirrhosis are scarce. Aims To determine the incidence, clinical presentation, aetiological spectrum and survival rates of liver cirrhosis in Southern Sweden from 2001 to 2011. Methods We used population-ba
This essay is a study of the market strategies and situations in the telephone business. Our problem was to examine the telecom companies´ strategies to stay competitive and cope with the new VoIP technology. We chose to do a qualitative study and four telephone interviews were made with Swedish and Dutch companies. We investigated three different categories of companies in the market; industry le
I svenska domstolar idag deltar ofta lekmän i dömandet, s.k. nämndemän. De är juridiskt oskolade och saknar lagfarenhet. Nämndemannasystemets historiska spår går att följa mycket långt tillbaka i tiden, och detsamma gäller motiveringen bakom systemet. Redan under 1200-talet växte en nämndprocess fram. Nämnden var bl.a. ett sätt att ge domstolarna legitimitet hos folket och skydda bönderna mot rätIn Swedish courts the judge is often accompanied by laymen, in Swedish referred to as nämndemän. The history of these layman judges stretches far back, and the same goes for the justification of the system. The first use of nämndemän can be found as early as in the thirteenth century. They gave legitimacy to the courts and were seen as a way to protect the locals from abuse of justice. At this ti
Den här uppsatsen tar sikte på de historiska förändringar av apoteksprivilegiet som urholkade apotekarnas ensamrätt att bedriva apoteksverksamhet. Uppsatsen undersöker också dessa förändringar i förhållande till förstatligandet av apoteken som ägde rum 1970 samt perioden som föregick det. Apotekaryrket har historiskt haft en särskild ställning i förhållande till andra yrkeskategorier. I nära trehThis thesis takes aim at the historical events that changed the pharmacists’ privilege and their sole right to run pharmacies. The thesis also investigates these changes in relation to the nationalization of the pharmacies that took place 1970 and the foregoing events. The pharmacists have historically had a special position in relation to other professions. For almost three centuries the pharmac
Bakgrund: I samband med palliativ vård är symtom såsom smärta, oro och ångest vanligt förekommande, men här framträder också existentiella behov. Dessutom kan existentiell, psykisk och andlig smärta vara mer smärtsam än den fysiska. Omvårdnadsforskning har visat att patienters existentiella behov ofta är försummade och att vårdpersonal undvikit att beröra frågor som gällde dessa behov. Syfte: StudBackground: In palliative care symptoms such as pain and anxiety are common, but also existential needs. Additionally, the existential, psychological and spiritual pain can be more painful than the physical. Nursing research has shown that patients` spiritual needs often are neglected and that health workers have avoided issues related to these needs. Objective: The aim of the study was to explore
I uppsatsen behandlas unionsrättens påverkan på EU:s medlemsstaters inkomstskatteregler. De nationella inkomstskattelagstiftningarna får inte strida mot den fria rörligheten stadgad i EUF-fördraget, vilket gör att unionsrätten har stor påverkan på den direkta beskattningen även om den direkta beskattningen till största delen inte är harmoniserad. En medlemsstat får således inte utforma sin nationeThis thesis focuses on the impact of EU law on national direct taxation. National income tax rules may not restrict the free movement of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This means that EU law has a considerable impact on national legislation in this area, even if the member states for the most part have retained their competence to legislate. A member state may, therefo
Skiljeförfarande är en alternativ tvistlösningsform i förhållande till tvistemålsprocessen i allmän domstol. Det är ett statligt sanktionerat alternativ i och med att vissa speciella rättsverkningar är knutna till skiljeavtal. Först och främst har skiljeavtal verkan av rättegångshinder efter invändning av part. En part har också möjligheten att framtvinga fullgörelse av skiljeavtalet och det finnsArbitration is a form of ADR, which is sanctioned by the legal system. Entering into an arbitration agreement is given three special legal effects. Firstly, the arbitration agreement functions as a procedural impediment after a plea of inadmissibility from a party. Secondly, a party can force performance under the agreement and there are rules that aim to prevent obstruction of the procedure. Last
In this thesis, the main focus of study has been the construction of violence in correlation with men using violence and violence being used against men. With a qualitative reasearch method, six interviews with six seperate employees at the Crisis Center have been conducted. The Crisis Center is a treatment center where therapy is given to men, women, teens, and children that have experienced phys
Den här uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka och analysera regleringen kring avdrag för tid i häkte med restriktioner utifrån ett rättssäkerhetsperspektiv. Utgångspunkten i svensk rätt är att avdrag för tid i häkte ges med en dag per dag i häktet enligt strafftidslagen. Detta avdrag är obligatoriskt och ges efter det att dom har meddelats. Häktningstiden tillgodoräknas den dömde såsom verkställighet The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyse the Swedish regulation regarding deduction for pre-sentence custody with restrictions from the perspective of rule of law. The general rule in Swedish law is that deduction for pre-sentence custody is given with one day on the final sentence for each day spent in custody. This deduction is mandatory. The time in pre-sentence custody is credited
The use of timber volume elements (TVEs) in residential multi-storey buildings is increasing in popularity. Manufacturing methods and building processes have been streamlined to improve product quality. However, further streamlining still remains concerning the efficiency of current calculation methods, as many developers still use simple hand calculations. The objective with this dissertation was
I denna uppsats undersöks gällande rätt avseende myndigheters ändring av sina egna beslut, och huruvida den förvaltningsrättsliga legalitetsprincipen innebär några begränsningar för myndigheters möjligheter att ändra sina beslut till nackdel för enskilda, utöver de begränsningar som följer av principen om gynnande besluts negativa rättskraft. Den förvaltningsrättsliga legalitetsprincipen enligt This essay is about the opportunities for authorities to change their decisions. The aim is to investigate the extent to which authorities can change their decisions, and to examine whether the principle of legality restricts the opportunities to change decisions to a greater extent than what is followed from the principle of legitimate expectations. The principle of legality in administrative l
It is necessary for all industries to work actively to minimize their impact on the climate, including the construction industry, which accounts for a significant part of Sweden's total CO_2-emissions. Development to produce concrete and steel with more environmentally friendly processes is ongoing, but to lower emissions immediately and achieve long-term sustainability, we need to develop met
Heterogena katalysatorer för användning i bränslecellssystem har undersökts baserat på aktiv fas och tillverkningsmetoder för granulat- och monolitkatalysatorer. Katalysatorerna tillverkades genom att använda θ – aluminiumoxid som bärare, dopad med lantan och cerium, där den aktiva fasen bestod av ädelmetall X och nickel i varierande halter. Analys gjordes genom att låta en blandning av vattenångaHeterogeneous catalysts to be used in a pre-reformer for fuel cell systems have been investigated based on active phase composition and catalyst preparation methods for granulate and monolithic catalysts. The catalysts were manufactured using θ – aluminum oxide as carrier, promoted with lanthanum and cerium, with active phases consisting of noble metal X and nickel in various concentrations. Analy
Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur arbetskostnad har reglerats i RUT- och ROT-avdragen (gemensamt kallat husavdragen), vilka förändringar som skett, vad som orsakat dessa och vad som kan hända i framtiden på området. Husavdragen ger en reduktion av skattebördan på köparen och en utbetalning från Skatteverket till utföraren vid vissa arbeten som utförs i anknytning till köparens bThe aim of this report has been to examine how work-cost has been regulated in the RUT- and ROT-deductions (called the house reductions together), what changes have been made, what has caused these and what can happen in this area in the future. The house reductions give a reduction of the tax burden on the buyer and a payment from the Swedish Tax Agency to the performer when certain types of work
Brown seaweeds are marine macro algae, which are quite unexplored for their potential uses in food products in Europe. Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta are fast growing brown seaweeds species in European countries, mainly found in Norway and cold waters of the North Atlantic. These species are known to be rich sources of iodine, protein, polyphenols, carbohydrates and micronutrients like
All buildings need a foundation that supports the structure. Since a layer of soil is most often in between a structure and the bedrock, a soil-structure interaction between the foundation and the soil beneath occurs. This interaction is of great importance when it comes to predicting the sectional forces that will arise in a structure, along with the settlement that occurs. Therefore the need to
Using methods of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) an N -body simulation was set-up to investigate stellar encounters between a 1 solar-mass main sequence (MS) star, modeled after the Sun, and a 0.6 solar-mass white dwarf (WD). This was done primarily to investigate the assumptions made by Mastrobuono-Battisti et al. (2021) in search of the impact of stellar encounters on stellar population in
