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Purpose: To investigate how the L'Oréal Group manages its multi-brand portfolio within the beauty market, focusing on how they navigate the complexities of brand cannibalization. Methodology: This paper employs a qualitative research method. Empirical data about the case object L'Oréal Group was collected through secondary data from their latest annual report, websites and online sources
In many fields of science, solving large sparse systems of linear equations is a critical task. Direct solvers often fall out favour due to their high computational costs and memory requirements. Iterative solvers alleviate this issue but run the risk of converging slower than satisfactory when the associated matrix is ill-conditioned and has poorly distributed eigenvalues. This work will focus on
A long shelf life is of utmost importance when it comes to storage of food. Oats are expected to be easy to store like other cereals. However, oats that are stored for a long period of time are susceptible to becoming rancid, owing to its high lipid content. The lipids are mostly unsaturated fatty acids and prone to deterioration by native lipases which release fatty acids like oleic, linoleic and
Cold deformation of metals is known to induce roughness on their free surface. In some of the processing equipment of Tetra Pak processing systems, tubes of austenitic stainless steel 316L are used. During the production of this processing equipment, such tubes are occasionally cold-deformed. In this work, surface and microstructure characterization of alloying type 316L austenitic stainless steel
In the summer of 2014, a violent conflagration erupted in the isolated Palestinian enclave of Gaza. Whilst the fighting was between Hamas and Israel, Palestinian civilians paid the price. The stark disparity in deaths triggered a debate in the West about Israeli tactics, and the media was accused of ‘bias’ by both Israelis and Palestinians. What this controversy reveals is that the argument is abo
Kommuner och regioner kan ansöka om stadsmiljöavtal för att få ekonomiskt stöd för projekt som förbättrar framkomligheten för kollektivtrafik, cykel och gång. Projekten strävar efter mer hållbara stadsmiljöer med hänsyn till persontransporter och markanvändning. De första stadsmiljöavtalen beviljades 2015. Vid slutet av 2018 skulle projekten för de fyra första omgångarna vara avslutade. Det har tiThe urban environment agreements (stadsmiljöavtal) are a federal initiative through which Swedish municipalities and regions can apply for funding for projects that improve and innovate solutions for public transport, walking and cycling. These projects promise to plan for a more sustainable urban environment with regards to transportation and land use. The first urban environment agreements began
Monitoring of human motion classification provides several opportunities to aid the process of rehabilitation, exercise logging and much more. In this thesis, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) devices positioned on different body parts are used to collect accelerometer and gyroscope data. This data is then combined to predict what gym exercise is being performed by the user. Different architectures
Forests are critical carbon sinks that mitigate anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, a primary driver of climate change. However, the impact that forest management methods have on the ecosystem carbon exchange is under debate and the potential carbon sink strength of forests is still uncertain. In this study, annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and forest age data from rotation forests (RFs
Hagastaden is a urban construction project for housing and workplaces, divided between the municipalities Solna stad and Stockholms stad, in Sweden. The building started in 2017 and will be finished in 2025. The project involves many actors including the municipalities. Hagastaden is supposed to be a very densified area, which is stated by the Stockholm municipality it self will lead to a smaller
In order to simulate complex combustion systems, the kinetic mechanisms describing the chemical processes have to be reduced. To minimize the error introduced by the reduction, coefficients of the reaction rates included in the mechanisms can be adjusted in ways so that simulations using the reduced mechanism behave like simulations that use detailed mechanisms. One can then run simulations with d
New and innovative retail models such as product-service-systems (PSS) seem to offer a promising solution for more sustainable shopping activities. However, the adoption rate of PSS remains to date regretfully low. With the aim to investigate this problem, the present thesis focuses on the rental fashion model of use-oriented PSS and examines emotions that consumers experience in this context, whe
Nutid AB currently supplies a POS (Point of Sale) system that they install on Sharps hardware, which consists of a computer, a touchscreen and a cash register all in one. This explicitly produced hardware results in the POS system being very expensive for the customers. The company focused on getting an application out on the market at the beginning of 2017. Our part of the job consisted of implem
Soft biological tissues and engineered hydrogels for biomedical applications are intrinsically multiphasic materials, consisting of solid, fluid and possibly fixed and mobile ions. Understanding their mechanical behaviour requires experimental methods and theoretical models that take their multiphasic nature into account and allow for quantification of material parameters related to the different
All judicial power is to be condemned by the law according to the Swedish constitution but does this apply to a frame law where there is a legal gap that the decision makers can fill with other norms than legal norms? According to the paradigm of sociology of law do other factors than just legal norms affect the judicial decision. This means that the judicial decisions might be affected by factors
Öga för öga, tand för tand är en straffrättslig princip som myntades av kung Hammurabi i Babylonien kring år 1700 före Kristus genom Hammurabis lag. Principen om öga för öga, tand för tand innebär att den som orsakat skada ska lida samma skada. Svensk straffrätt har gått från resonemanget att ”ont ska botas med ont” till straff och skadestånd i pengar och därför finns inte principen om öga för ögaChapter 5 article 2 of the Property Formation Act reads that the person who forfeitsland shall be compensated with land primarily. This means that the principal rule isthat land shall be compensated with land, but when this is not deemed appropriated compensation in money is acceptable. Furthermore, the paragraphmeans that the Surveying Authority (LM) may decide against the land owners wish that c
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s can be treated with stem-cell derived specialized neurons. In order to achieve precise directed neural differentiation in vitro we need to understand the gene regulatory mechanisms behind in vivo neural tube patterning. We implement a 3D computational model of brain patterning to simulate this process. The mathematical model is set up by unifying two e
There is mounting evidence that cognitive skills such as numeracy and literacy are causal drivers of economic growth. Improving such skills is therefore an essential concern for policymakers. This thesis examines whether instruction time can raise students' cognitive skills. By using cross-sectional data on several countries participating in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science
Den sociala samlingsplatsen i staden är en av de absolut viktigaste komponenterna i uppbyggandet av urbana strukturer och skapandet av urbana miljöer. Offentliga platser är stadens vardagsrum. Här formas det kollektiva urbana livet och komplexa sociala interaktioner som är vitala för stadslivets existens. Men i takt med teknologins större påverkan i människans liv har vårt samhälle utvecklats åt d
Background/Problematization: Iconic brands are the gold standard of branding and have established a central role in the consumers’ lives. Behind every iconic brand, we can find iconic products. Despite the importance of these products, iconic products are overlooked in academia. Few studies have explored the concept and there is no common definition or comprehensive framework. This is restrictive
