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En betydande del av alla offentliga upphandlingar leder till upprättande av ramavtal. Ramavtal är avtal som fastställer villkoren för kontrakt som senare ska tilldelas. EU-domstolen har i en dom från 2018 behandlat ett för upphandlingsområdet nytt fenomen. Domen rör takvolymer i ramavtal vilket avser en bestämd gräns för hur mycket som är tillåtet att avropa. Eftersom 2014 års direktiv och sedermA significant part of all public procurements leads to the conclusion of framework agreements. Framework agreements are agreements that define the terms of contracts to be awarded later. In a 2018 judgment, the European Court of Justice dealt with a new phenomenon for the procurement area. The judgment concerns determined volumes in framework agreements, which refer to a specific limit on how muc

The purpose of this study was to examine how school counselors work with pupils in a drug preventive way and furthermore to examine possibilities, obstacles and efficiency experienced by school counselors in that work. In order to achieve the purpose of the study seven qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with school counselors. The interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed

Med utgångspunkt i 2022 års lagändring av våldtäktsbrottet i 6 kap. 1 § brottsbalken (1962:700), syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka samlagsbegreppet och hur utformningen av detta begrepp påverkar brottets skyddsvärda intressen. Genom redovisning av lagstiftning, förarbeten, praxis och doktrin redogör uppsatsen för rättsutvecklingen på våldtäktsbrottets område, samt hur gällande rätt dels är utforBased on the change of legislation 2022 concerning the crime of rape, established in chapter 6, section 1 of the Swedish Criminal Code (brottsbalken, 1962:700), this essay aims to examine the concept of sexual intercourse and how the formulation of this concept affects the interest which the crime purports to protect. This thesis describes the legal development in the area of rape, as well as how

“1000 Extra” is a project that takes off in the sub optimal conditions that city planning in the 20-th century has left behind for the future. First and foremost looking at the conditions of residential areas planned based on doctrines stemming in modernism, the project proposes desnsifying the not-so-dense areas in Lund, consisting of row houses and other residential buildings in the same categor

Popular Abstract in Swedish Detta arbete handlar om utvecklingsneurobiologi. Ett långt ord men så beskriver det också precis vad det rör sig om: biologiska studier rörande nervsystemets utveckling. Generellt sett kan man säga att utvecklings-neurobiologisk forskning på lång sikt syftar till att förstå nervsystemets utveckling såpass väl att man skall kunna använda denna kunskap för att reparera etThe striatum is part of the telencephalon, the most anterior part of the vertebrate brain. From when it first can be identified, telencephalic morphology is highly complex and a wide range of mechanisms has been suggested to participate in its induction, patterning and neurogenesis. Sonic hedgehog (shh), a gene coding for a secreted protein has been suggested to be required for ventral telencephal

A measurement of elastic deeply virtual Compton scattering gamma*p --> gamma p using e(+) p and e(-) p collision data recorded with the HI detector at HERA is presented. The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 306 pb(-1), almost equally shared between both beam charges. The cross section is measured as a function of the virtuality Q(2) of the exchanged photon and the ce

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ehrlichia hos människor och djur Fästingburna infektioner uppmärksammas alltmer både hos människor och djur. Fästingar har visat sig kunna överföra flera olika infektiösa agens som till exempel borrelia- och ehrlichiabakterier, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)-virus och babesia-parasiter. De i Skandinavien förekommande ehrlichia-bakterierna Ehrlichia phagocytophila, orsakEhrlichia phagocytophila is a tick-borne pathogen of domestic animals, which has recently been acknowledged also as a human pathogen. It is a strictly intracellular bacterium, infecting granulocytes of the host, sometimes resulting in clinical disease - granulocytic ehrlichiosis - with manifestations ranging from mild flu-like conditions to severe infections with multi-organ failure and death. Thi

This thesis is based on work done 1991-1996 using the DELPHI detector at LEP, and is summarized in four articles. It consists of four main parts. The first part describes the Very Small Angle Tagger (VSAT) and Small angle TIle Calorimeter (STIC), which are sub-detectors of DELPHI. The VSAT consists of four silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter modules, having silicon strip planes for accur

Studies on patients with long-term diabetes survival without severe complications can give information about protective factors. Therefore, the present study aims to describe the long-term survival of patients with diabetes during successive periods following the introduction of insulin therapy in 1923. After registration in 1973 of the first local diabetic patient in Jonkoping with a fifty-year s

BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors for metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma govern decisions regarding adjuvant treatment. However, the significance of initial tumor-related prognostic factors over time is largely unknown.METHODS: The current study included 338 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the extremities or the trunk wall whose tumors were reviewed by the Scandinavian Sarcoma Pa

Protein-based microarrays are among the novel class of rapidly emerging proteomic technologies that will allow us to efficiently perform global proteome analysis. However, the process of designing adequate protein microarrays is a major inherent problem. In this study, we have evaluated a protein microarray platform based on nonpurified affinity-tagged single-chain (sc) Fv antibody fragments to ge

The chromosome number of the polyploid species Glechoma hederacea was found to be 2n = 36 in a sample of 93 ramets derived from 27 sites in N and C Europe. Variation in 10 enzymes was surveyed in material from S Sweden and S Czech Republic. The genetic control of variation was investigated using segregating progeny from crosses and self-fertilized heterozygous plants. The generic analysis comprise

The extant mammalian groups Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia are, according to the ‘Theria’ hypothesis, traditionally classified into two subclasses. The subclass Prototheria includes the monotremes and subclass Theria marsupials and placental mammals. Based on some morphological and molecular data, an alternative proposition, the Marsupionta hypothesis, favours a sister group relationship

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS; OMIM 122470) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome characterized by distinctive dysmorphic facial features, severe growth and developmental delay and abnormalities of the upper limbs. About 50% of CdLS patients have been found to have heterozygous mutations in the NIPBL gene and a few cases were recently found to be caused by mutations

Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and spectroscopy are used to study one-dimensional structures from three different decades. Quantum-well wires were fabricated in the 1980s and CL images are presented here, where the individual wires of a 450 nm grating are resolved. V-grooved quantum wires (QWRs) were fabricated in the 1990s and the structures exhibit a number of emission peaks. CL is used to ide

Laboratory studies of scatter hoarding birds have become a model system for spatial memory studies. Considering that such birds are known to have a good spatial memory, recovery success in lab studies seems low. In parids (titmice and chickadees) typically ranging between 25 and 60% if five seeds are cached in 50-128 available caching sites. Since these birds store many thousands of food items in

Leaf-cutting ants combine large-scale herbivory with fungus farming to sustain advanced societies. Their stratified colonies are major evolutionary achievements and serious agricultural pests, but the crucial adaptations that allowed this mutualism to become the prime herbivorous component of neotropical ecosystems has remained elusive. Here we show how coevolutionary adaptation of a specific enzy

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vad arbetar en analytisk kemist med? Exempel på kemiska analyser är att en idrottsman ska dopingtestas eller att eventuella föroreningar i vattnet från en bäck ska bestämmas. Den analytiska kemistens problemställning är vanligtvis att identifiera (kvalitativ analys) och mäta upp (kvantitativ analys) innehållet i ett prov. Ofta är de intressanta ämneshalterna mycket lågaCapillary electrophoresis is characterised by high separation efficiency, applicability to a wide range of compounds, small sample and solvent consumption and simple instrumentation. To improve sensitivity using on-line absorbance detectors, which are hampered by the short optical path length, sample volumes in the microlitre range were concentrated to nanolitre volumes either off-line or on-line.