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Background Smokers have a substantially increased risk of postoperative complications. Preoperative smoking intervention may be effective in decreasing this incidence, and surgery may constitute a unique opportunity for smoking cessation interventions. Objectives The objectives of this review are to assess the effect of preoperative smoking intervention on smoking cessation at the time of surgery
It is established that the glomerular filter sieves macromolecules based on their size, shape, and charge. Anionic proteins are thus retarded compared with their neutral or cationic counterparts. However, recent studies have indicated that charge effects are small, or even "anomalous," for polysaccharides. We therefore investigated the impact of charge on the glomerular permeability to polysacchar
Life oil earth was formed during billions of years, exposed to, and shaped by the original physical forces such as gravitation, cosmic irradiation, atmospheric electric fields and the terrestrial magnetism. The Schumann resonances at 7.4 Hz are all example of oscillations possibly important for life.(1)) The existing organisms are created to function in harmony with these forces. However, in the l
BACKGROUND: During the last 5 years, there has been an increase in the use of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to treat knee osteoarthritis in Australia, and these account for almost 6% of annual knee replacement procedures. However, there is debate as to whether a fixed bearing or a mobile bearing design is best for decreasing revision for loosening and disease progression as well as impr
Older people with arrhythmias comprise a large group requiring complex care, posing many healthcare challenges. Rapid growth of the older population demands a better understanding of the needs of this patient group. The aim of this thesis was to investigate arrhythmia prevalence, incidence, survival, and experiences from the perspective of a geriatric population (aged 60+ years), and to examine th
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is associated with hyperactivity and impulsivity, attention problems, and difficulties with social interactions. Pharmacological treatment may alleviate the symptoms of ADHD but this rarely solves difficulties with social interactions. Children with ADHD may benefit from interventions designed to improve their social skills.We
Background: At birth, infants' lungs are fluid-filled. For newborns to have a successful transition, this fluid must be replaced by air to enable effective breathing. Some infants are judged to have inadequate breathing at birth and are resuscitated with positive pressure ventilation (PPV). Giving prolonged (sustained) inflations at the start of PPV may help clear lung fluid and establish gas volu
I denna rapport redovisas populationstrender för 175 svenska fågelarter för åren 1975–2011. Fåglarna har räknats på vintern och på sommaren enligt strikt standardiserade metoder. Sommar- respektive vinterpunktrutter har räknats sedan 1975, i huvudsak i södra Sverige. Standardrutterna räknas också på sommaren men täcker hela Sverige. De har räknats sedan 1996. Vintern 2010/2011 räknades 75 000 fåglWe present the results of the Swedish Bird Survey, run by the Department of Biology, Lund University, as a part of the National Monitoring Programme of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The results for 2011 include data from 589 winter point count routes in 2010/2011 (36th winter), of which 273 were carried out during the Christmas/New Year count and 262 summer point count routes (37th
Background: Middle Eastern immigrants represent a growing population in Sweden today. This group are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes than the native population, but are also shown to exhibit unique properties; despite an abundance in traditional cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, dearranged blood lipids and diminished physical acitivity, this group seem to exhibit lower blood pressur
Background: According to the “brain-reserve hypothesis” in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), patients with more years of education are expected to have higher cognitive status during adulthood. Hence, they might have a relatively larger burden of AD pathology and a more advanced level of the disease when dementia is clinically evident. Higher educated people would also be expected to perform better on sta
Background: Clinical egg allergy is a common food allergy. Current management relies upon strict allergen avoidance. Oral immunotherapy might be an optional treatment, through desensitization to egg allergen. Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of oral and sublingual immunotherapy in children and adults with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated egg allergy as compared to a placebo treatmen
Popular Abstract in Swedish Reaktiva syreföreningar s.k. ROS uppstår naturligt i den syrerelaterade metabolismen eller i andra processer och den orsakar skador på essentiella föreningar i cellen såsom DNA, proteiner och fetter. Denna oxidation ligger till grund för många allvarliga sjukdomar hos människor som t.ex. viss typ av cancer och Alzheimers och man tror även att den ligger bakom andra åkomReactive oxygen species (ROS) consisting of various oxygen-based free radicals as well as other reactive non-radical species produced in O2-related metabolism or through other processes are involved in the oxidation of such vital biomolecules as DNA, proteins and lipids. The types of oxidation represented here are known to cause many different diseases and disorders in human beings, such as cancer
Importance: Patients who survive severe intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) typically have poor functional outcome in the short term and understanding of future recovery is limited. Objective: To describe 1-year recovery trajectories among ICH and IVH survivors with initial severe disability and assess the association of hospital events with long-term recovery. Des
Background: Free oxygen radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a naturally occurring enzyme which provides a defense against such oxidant injury. Providing supplementary SOD has been tested in clinical trials to prevent BPD in preterm infants. Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of SOD in
Det varumärkesrättsliga skyddsomfånget har påverkats av den globalisering och internationalisering som marknaden har genomgått under den senare delen av 1900-talet och början av 2000-talet. En tydlig tendens är anpassningen av skyddsomfånget efter varumärkens ekonomiska värde. Uppsatsen besvarar frågan vilket skydd väl ansedda varumärken åtnjuter enligt svensk varumärkesrätt och hur detta skydd är
In this study, different membranes were tested for their use in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB). The membranes were first tested under charge-discharge operation of the VRB over four charge-discharge cycles at different current densities (20 mAcm-2, 40 mA cm-2 and 60 mAcm-2) and the corresponding cell performance was evaluated in terms of total energy efficiency (EE), coulombic efficiency (CE)
Augustenborg is suburb city in Malmö south of Sweden. The climate is temperate with occasional snow during the winter. Open storm water is applied in Augustenborg since late 1990s and the storm water is disconnected from the combined sewer system in order to give the area a lift up value and to solve the flooding problems in basements after heavy rainfall events. The new open system consists of po
Under Covid-19 pandemin har distansarbete varit en central del i strategin för att minska smittspridningen av viruset. Före pandemin arbetade endast 5 % av arbetstagarna inom EU på distans regelbundet. När pandemin bröt ut ökade andelen distansarbetare inom EU till nästan 40 %. Den snabba omställningen till distansarbete har aktualiserat flera arbetsrättsliga frågor. Syftet med denna uppsats är atDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, telework has been a central part of the strategy to reduce the spread of the virus. Before the pandemic, only 5% of EU workers worked remotely on a regular basis. When the pandemic broke out, the proportion of employees working remotely in the EU increased to almost 40%. The rapid transition to telework has raised several issues of labor law. The purpose of this thesi
The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) amendment of 2024 is a major tool in the EU’s environmental aim of net-zero carbon emissions for the building stock by 2050. The overall goal is to improve energy performance, boost renovation rates, reduce energy bills and support decarbonisation of the building stock. This thesis investigates through a literature review, what the 2024 recast o
