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OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential risk factors behind the increased incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in Swedish extremely preterm infants.DESIGN: Registry data from two population-based national cohorts were studied. NEC diagnoses (Bell stage ≥II) were validated against hospital records.PATIENTS: All liveborn infants <27 weeks of gestation 2004-2007 (n=704) and 2014-2016 (n=895) in S

BACKGROUND: Universities can be understood as work-like environments for students, with similar risks and expectations regarding psychosocial environment. Limited research has examined this study environment from a Demand-Control-Support perspective with regard to sexual harassment. Understanding this environment is key to designing protective measures. This study aimed to examine the association

Objective: To investigate potential differences in structural knee joint damage assessed by MRI and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) at 2-year follow-up between young adults randomised to early surgery or exercise and education with optional delayed surgery for a meniscal tear. Methods: A secondary analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial including 121 patients (18-40 years) with an

The agricultural sector in northwestern Iran uses about 95 % of the region's available water resources and nearly 98 % of are aquifer water. Despite the regiońs previous richness in water resources, the supply is now quickly decreasing. The Ghorveh-Dehgolan sub-basin in northwestern Iran consists of three dams as well as three aquifers that supply water resources for agriculture, domestic uses, an

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a medical condition with important consequences for women’s well-being and reproductive outcomes. Although the etiology of PCOS is not fully understood, there is increasing evidence of both genetic and environmental determinants, including development in early life. We studied a population of 977,637 singleton women born in in Sweden between 1973 and 1995, follo

Rationale: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard to evaluate exertional breathlessness, a common and disabling symptom. However, the interpretation of breathlessness responses to CPET is limited by a scarcity of normative data. Objectives: We aimed to develop normative reference equations for breathlessness intensity (Borg 0–10 category ratio) response in men and women aged

ObjectiveTo determine whether the genetic disorder severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency, which has a known association with increased risk for development of lung and liver diseases, is also associated with increased risk for development of gastrointestinal diseases.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a national, longitudinal, registry-based study of individuals with severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency (phe

Purpose: Reduced rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep has been linked to increased mortality in the general population. We investigated whether diminished REM sleep is associated with higher mortality in adults with coronary artery disease (CAD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This secondary analysis of the RICCADSA trial included 356 revascularized CAD patients with OSA (apnea–hypopnea inde

Urban meteorology, the study of atmospheric phenomena in urban areas, is vital for understanding the dynamic interactions between rapid urbanization and environmental changes. Over the past two decades (2004–2024), urban heat islands (UHIs), extreme rainfall, pollution, and temperature anomalies have intensified, adversely affecting human health, infrastructure, and ecosystems worldwide. The prese

Background Carotid and coronary atherosclerosis are critical determinants of cardiovascular risk, yet their interrelationship in middle-aged populations is incompletely understood. This study assessed carotid plaque composition, risk-factor associations, coronary disease, and sex differences in a subclinical cohort. Methods Within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, 533 asymptomatic indivi

Background Drug use disorder (DUD) clusters in families due partly to shared environment, including sibling influences. Low academic achievement (AA) in adolescence increases DUD risk. This study examined whether low AA in an older sibling causally increases DUD risk in younger siblings. Methods We studied all Swedish full sibling pairs (n = 309,666) born 1972–1985 and ≤ 5 years apart. Older sibli

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a serious vector-borne neurological disease in Europe, with a complex transmission cycle involving ticks of genus Ixodes, animal hosts, environmental and climatic determinants. Methods: We modelled annual Geocoded Swedish TBE case data for the period 2005–2023 as a log-Gaussian Cox process in relation to population, environmental and climate data, and w

Background: Quantitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, with substantial variation in positivity thresholds across countries. This study examines how these thresholds affect FIT's diagnostic performance for detecting CRC and advanced precancerous lesions (APCL). Methods: We analyzed data from a single round screening of 7398 men and women aged

Background Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) represents a group of rare hereditary disorders characterised by deficient ciliary airway clearance that can be associated with laterality defects. We aimed to describe the underlying gene defects, geographical differences in genotypes and their relationship to diagnostic findings and clinical phenotypes. Methods Genetic variants and clinical findings (a

The lifelong risk of stroke following adverse pregnancy outcomes, and potential causality, are unknown. This study examined five major adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of stroke in a large population-based cohort. Methods A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 201 393 women with a singleton delivery in Sweden during 1973–2015, followed up for stroke through 2018. Cox regressio

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the associations between the intake of high- and low-fat fermented dairy (cheese and fermented milk), their proteomic profiles, and mortality risk.METHODS: This cohort study included 25,187 participants (mean age 57.7 years, 60.9% females). Fermented dairy intake was assessed by a modified diet history method. In a random subset of this cohort (n = 4359), we co

Background: Studies on long-term exposure to air pollution at high levels suggest an association with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to study this relationship at very low levels, less well-studied, yet of public health importance. Methods: The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) consists of randomly selected subjects aged 50–64 years from six large cities in Swe

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of complications after breast cancer surgery. This study investigated systemic and surgical-site postoperative complications and the risk of early and late breast cancer recurrence and mortality, overall, and according to T2D status. Methods: From the Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) and Danish registries, a cohort of women with