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This paper challenges the idea that emissions of greenhouse gases simply increase over time with income. It adopts a 200-year perspective and includes the important flows of greenhouse gases related to agriculture, not just the CO2 from fossil fuels. The result is that the pattern of Swedish total greenhouse gas emissions over time resembles an N. In contrast, when only emissions from fossil fuels
Activation of thrombin is a critical determinant in many physiological and pathological processes including haemostasis and inflammation. Under physiological conditions many of these functions are involved in wound healing or eradication of an invading pathogen. However, when activated systemically, thrombin can contribute to severe and life-threatening conditions by causing complications such as
In elderly man, low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was associated with a substantial excess risk of death compared to 25(OH)D values greater than 50-70 nmol/l, but the association attenuated with time. The aim of the present study was to determine whether poor vitamin D status was associated with an increase in the risk of death in elderly men. We studied the relationship between serum 25(OH)
The EU, being the largest trading partner for many developing countries, offers a General Scheme of Preferences (GSP) as a voluntary trade promoting scheme. Through GSP+, an extension of GSP, the EU offers additional market access conditional on commitment to sustainable development and good governance. Using a Gravity Equation, I find insignificant trade creating effects on GSP+ in comparison wit
Denna uppsats är ett kulturanalytiskt forskningsprojekt som syftar till att förstå hur sociala och kulturella processer i olika rum i staden bidrar till upplevelsen av ofrivillig ensamhet. Uppsatsen undersöker den ofrivilliga ensamheten i olika skalor i staden, från bostaden, kvarteret, ut i bostadsområdet och vidare ut i staden. Detta uppnås genom att använda ett fenomenologiskt ramverk som analyThis thesis is a cultural analytical research project that aims to understand how social and cultural processes in spaces within the city contribute to the experience of loneliness. The thesis explores loneliness at different layers of the city, from housing, the neighbourhood, to the district and the wider city scale. This is achieved by using a phenomenological framework that analyses the indivi
Objective: ACTH is considered a weak marker for autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) in patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AIs). Our aim was to investigate suppressed basal ACTH as a marker of ACS and to elucidate why this criterion is of limited value. Methods: Basal ACTH and cortisol after overnight dexamethasone suppression test (cortisolONDST) were measured in 198 patients with unilateral AI
The “neurotrophic hypothesis of depression” posits that low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Low levels of BDNF have also been found in individuals with suicide attempts, in MDD or other disorders, suggesting that low BDNF may also be associated with suicidality. We assessed serum BDNF in 68 physically healthy and unmedicated (
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a commensal organism in pre-school children, is an opportunistic pathogen causing respiratory tract infections including acute otitis media. Adults suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are persistently colonized by NTHi. Previous research has suggested that, in some bacterial species, the intracellular elongation factor thermo-unst
Aim: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) during reperfusion in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Dispersion of ventricular repolarization contributes to ventricular vulnerability during ischemia. Tpeak-Tend interval was proposed as a ventricular repolarization dispersion marker, however its value for prediction of reperfusion VF remains uncert
Radiological and pathological characteristics of hip osteoarthritis (OA) is joint-space loss due to degradation of articular cartilage. However, patients with early-stage OA do not yet show any radiological signs, which leaves them without diagnosis and treatment. This study evaluates the potential of a novel tool to identify pre-radiographic OA changes based on hip bone morphology. Two statistica
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a low density lipoprotein (LDL) with one apolipoprotein (a) molecule bound to the apolipoprotein B-100 of LDL. Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship of Lp(a) to diabetes and metabolic syndrome, both known for increased CVD risk, is controversial. In a population based study on type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) dev
I am not convinced that the challenge for self-adaptive software is how to handle unexpected changes. I believe that the real challenge is how to characterise the uncertainty that the self-adaptive software has to handle. Once a proper characterisation of the uncertainty is in place, I think handling unanticipated changes and situations becomes a lot simpler. What is difficult is to know what rang
The MITF transcription factor and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are two interconnected main players in melanoma. Understanding how MITF activity is regulated represents a key question since its dynamic modulation is involved in the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells and their resistance to therapy. By investigating the role of ARAF in NRAS-driven mouse melanoma through mass spectrometry experim
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by vasoconstriction and remodeling of the pulmonary vessels. Risk stratification in PAH could potentially be improved by including novel biomarkers related to PAH pathobiology. We aimed to investigate the relationship between extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins, survival, and European Society of Cardiology an
Chaperones play a central part in the quality control system in cells by clearing misfolded and aggregated proteins. The chaperone DnaK acts as a sensor for molecular stress by recognising short hydrophobic stretches of misfolded proteins. As the level of unfolded protein is a function of protein stability, we hypothesised that the level of DnaK response upon overexpression of recombinant proteins
Polyamines are cationic molecules synthesized via a highly regulated pathway, obtained from the diet or produced by the gut microbiota. They are involved in general molecular and cellular phenomena that play a role also in vascular disease. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital malformation associated to a greater risk of thoracic ascending aorta (TAA) aneurysm, whose pathogenesis is not yet
The HPV16 E5 open reading frame (ORF) is present on the majority of all alternatively spliced HPV16 mRNAs, but it is currently unknown how well it is translated into E5 protein. To identify HPV16 mRNAs that are efficiently translated into E5, we have generated cDNA plasmids expressing individual, alternatively spliced HPV16 mRNAs with the potential to produce E5. By replacing the E5 ORF with sLuc,
BACKGROUND/AIM: Consequences of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury include worse patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and a decrease in activity level. Muscle function can be improved by targeted exercise. Our aims were to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among lower extremity muscle function and PROs after ACL injury.METHODS: Fifty-four participants (15 women, mean 30
